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Urine ketones test
Send this page to a friend To print Facebook Twitter Pinterest This test measures the amount of ketones in the urine.
How the test is performed Urinary ketones are usually measured with a "rapid test." It is available in an examination kit that is sold in pharmacies. The kit contains test strips impregnated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. The test strip is dipped into the urine sample. A color change is an indicator of the presence of ketones.
This article describes the urine ketone test that involves sending collected urine to a laboratory.
A clean urine sample is needed . This method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from entering the sample. To collect the urine, your healthcare provider may provide you with special clean sample collection kit that contains a cleaning solution and sterile wipes. Follow the instructions to the letter.
Preparation for the exam You may need to eat a special diet. Your provider may ask you to temporarily stop taking certain medications that may affect the exam.
How the test will feel The exam involves only normal urination. There is no hassle.
Reasons the test is done Ketone tests are almost always done if you have type 1 diabetes and:
Your blood sugar is over 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl)
You have nausea or vomiting
Have abdominal pain
A ketone test may also be done if:
You have a disease such as pneumonia, heart attack, or stroke
You have nausea or vomiting that does not go away
Are pregnant
Normal results A negative test result is normal.
The ranges of normal values may vary slightly between different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
Meaning of abnormal results An abnormal result means that you have ketones in your urine. Results typically appear as small, moderate, or large as follows:
Small: <20 mg / dL
Moderate: 30 to 40 mg / dL
Large:> 80 mg / dL
Ketones build up when the body needs to break down fats and fatty acids for fuel. This is more likely to occur when the body does not get enough sugar or carbohydrates.
This may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) . CAD is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body cannot use sugar (glucose) as a fuel source since there is no or insufficient insulin. Fat is used for fuel instead.
An abnormal result can also be due to:
Fasting or starvation: as with anorexia (an eating disorder)
High-protein or low-carbohydrate diet
Vomiting for a long period of time (such as during pregnancy)
Severe or acute illness, such as sepsis or burns
High fevers
The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone ( hyperthyroidism )
Breastfeeding a baby, if the mother does not eat or drink enough
Risks This test does not represent any risk.
Alternative names Ketone bodies - urine; Urinary ketones; Ketoacidosis - urine ketone test; Diabetic ketoacidosis - urine ketone test
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Ketone analysis
Ketones are chemical compounds that are produced when insulin in the blood is low and the body uses stored fat for energy.
Ketones in the urine are an indication that the body is using fat for energy instead of glucose because there is not enough insulin to use glucose for energy.
Ketones in urine are more common in type 1 diabetes.
How do I get tested? Ketone tests are sold at the pharmacy, so talk to your doctor about it, as well as what methods he recommends for documenting the results. Most tests include strips, some of them wrapped in aluminum foil (and lasting longer).
Urine tests are simple, but to get good results, you must follow the directions exactly.
Make sure the strip has not expired. Read the document that comes with the strips. Check with your doctor or nurse about the correct way to get tested.
In most urine tests:
A urine sample is obtained in a sterile container.
A strip is placed in the sample (you can also place the strip in the urine stream).
Excess urine is gently shaken off the strip.
Wait for the indicator on the strip to change color. The prompts tell you how long to wait.
The indicator on the strip is compared to the color chart on the vial of strips. This gives you an approximate value for ketones in your urine.
The results are recorded.
When should I get tested? Ask your doctor or nurse when to test for ketones. He may recommend that you do it under the following conditions:
Your glucose level is over 300 mg / dl.
You have nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
You are sick (for example, you have a cold or the flu).
He is tired all the time.
You are thirsty or your mouth is very dry.
His skin is red.
You have trouble breathing.
Your breath smells like fruit.
You are confused or disoriented.
These may be signs of a high ketone level that requires medical help.
What do my results mean? A small or minimal amount of ketones may indicate that ketones are starting to build up. You should be retested in a few hours.
A moderate or high amount of ketones is a danger sign. They alter the balance of the blood and can cause poisoning. Never exercise when your glucose is high and a urine test indicates a moderate or high amount of ketones. These are signs that your diabetes is not under control. Talk to your doctor right away if your urine test results indicate a moderate or high amount of ketones.
It is important to take note of your results and related events. Your diary contains the information you, your doctor, and instructor need to know if your plan is working or needs to be changed.
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How to plant a lawn and get an amazing garden
Sowing grass is not an easy task. Cleaning the ground , compacting the soil , sowing the seeds ... From Brotalia we give you some very practical and useful advice so that you can show off your lawn and offer an incredible appearance .
If you have been wanting a movie lawn for a long time, the kind that all your friends gape when they step on it, this is your moment. It is not an easy task, it requires effort and hours. But the result is well worth it.
Preparing for the planting of a lawn is an important task, since tasks are carried out that can only be done at this time. In addition, the success in the implantation of the lawn will largely depend on them. Also their future life can be conditioned by good or bad practices in the initial phase. But ... where do I start?
Preparing the ground for sowing grass Preparing the ground is essential. The land in which you plant the grass cannot have obstacles (stones or pebbles) that could hinder its development. That is why it is important to go breaking the earth, to a depth of about 15 or 20 centimeters, with a hoe or a shovel.
In addition, you must bear in mind that at the time of sowing the soil must be compacted to prevent irregularities in the profiling of the surface, which would produce unwanted puddles in depressed areas and irregularities of the ground that would complicate its mowing.
A roll pass after superficial tillage will leave the soil in a condition to receive the seed. But first we must superficially rake the ground (about 2 or 3 cm) and fertilize thoroughly.
Seed contribution When sowing grass, the use of seeders is recommended, but if it is done by hand you must make sure to distribute the seeds as regularly as possible. In addition, you must respect the manufacturer's dosage, which usually ranges between 35-40 gr / m2.
The next step is to lightly cover the seed. Ideally, it should be at a depth of half a centimeter, although not all of it will be that way. To cover the seed you can use a seed cover, which must be spread on the ground very regularly. You can also incorporate the seed with raking, but always trying not to move it horizontally. Then you must pass a roller again with the aim that the sowing is in the greatest possible contact with the earth.
Irrigation From this moment on, irrigation should not be lacking, guaranteeing continuous humidity in the superficial part of the land until all the seeds have been born.
Mowing The first mowing should not be done until it reaches 10 or 12 cm in height, and it should be very shallow, practically a point. You should progressively lower the mowing height until it reaches about 4 cm.
How long does the grass take to grow?
Knowing how long the grass takes to grow will help you to incorporate green areas into your environment. Our gardening will answer these questions when it comes to seeing the birth and covering those beautiful landscaped areas.
The temporal process depends on multiple factors, so it cannot approximate a fixed and immovable answer. However, there are certain time forks to know how long we have to wait until we see our grass grown.
How long does it take to cover the lawn The first thing you have to be clear about is that the growth process of a lawn does not occur overnight. In the same way that, once it is covered, you will need garden maintenance to keep it healthy and strong. But to better answer this question, a number of factors must be assessed.
Let it go the natural process The key factor in having a good green area is patience and allowing time for its development. Fundamentally it needs to follow its natural process, that is: sprout, germinate and grow.
Don't be in too much rush, since germination takes several days and we always talk about estimates , never about fixed periods. However, to have almost the entire lawn area covered, in 3-4 weeks total you should see visual results to spare .
Plant seeds and let them germinate This planting activity could take you between 2-3 hours in the worst case (we are talking about reasonable areas) and we recommend doing it in the best times: spring and early fall . Subsequently, the seed should produce small shoots 1-2 days after sowing . It is important to fertilize the soil and apply the appropriate nutrients, as well as moisten it. If you have doubts about it, do not hesitate to contact us.
Complete germination after 10 days The usual thing is that, once the green shoots have been sown and appreciated, the results of germination can be seen , as a general rule, after 10 days . This takes into account factors such as humidity in air and soil, for example the temperature of the soil and its quality. That is why it is important to choose the period properly.
However, it should be borne in mind that there are species that this process can take up to 20 days and even a month.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Do not reseed if there are areas where the grass has not grown for a year.
Water the soil well after planting.
Cover the area: it keeps moisture and protects from the birds removing the seeds.
Natural growth with maintenance Once this is done, the grass must be allowed to grow naturally corresponding to its cycles. Remember: in autumn it comes out faster as it has hot land after the summer ( approximately 2 weeks ). If it is spring , your covered area will not be experienced until 3-4 weeks, and even a little longer .
Don't forget about proper maintenance once this is done: I water at least twice a day . If it has already grown more than 5 cm but less than 8, it will be enough with once a day until it reaches 10 cm. Finally, keeping the fertilizer up to 4 weeks will suffice for a grown and attractive lawn .
Why the grass does not grow well Knowing how long the grass takes to grow is good to check if the deadlines are adequate. If you think they are not being met, check some of these recommendations:
Provide enough moisture to the surface until the final results are appreciated.
Watch the season : too hot or cold makes growth not as fast.
If he does not grow up with the usual rhythms, during the first two months try not to expose him to a lot of activity: games on him, continuous treading ...
Your lawn sown and cared for with Landscape Management Now that you know how long it takes for the grass to grow , if you have the slightest doubt about any of the points that we have discussed, do not hesitate to contact Landscape Management . You already know that they are not fixed periods, but normal estimates based on our experience.
Because it could not always be this way, it is best that you contact us to do your design and construction of gardens in . You will have your lawn in perfect condition 365 days a year.
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How to make a lawn grow easily
Everyone dreams of having a perfect lawn. There is nothing better than looking at a lush green lawn from your front door. But you don't have to be a landscaper to get the lawn of your dreams. Whether you start with seeds or sod, the important thing is to have proper planning and good soil.
Part 1 Prepare the lawn
1 Choose which herb is the most suitable for your climate. Depending on where you live, you will do better with some varieties of herbs than others. Herbs fall into two basic categories: the warm season and the cold season. [1]
Warm season grasses are able to survive a harsh summer and tend to do well in tropical areas and in climatic zones such as the southern states of the United States. Choose varieties like Bermuda, San Agustín, and Kikuyo. [two]
Cold season grasses withstand cold much better than warm season grasses. They can tolerate freezing temperatures and some drought. Don't expect them to survive the heat or go more than 4 weeks without water. For example, Kentucky bluegrass is a well-known cool-season herb. [3]
2 Determine the best time to start. If you opt for a warm season herb, plant it in late spring. If you choose a cool season herb, plant it in late summer or early fall. [4]
If you're going to plant from sod, the time of year doesn't matter much, but summer can still be very hot.
3 Test the soil. Before you start planting the grass, you must make sure that the soil is in good condition. A good idea is to test the soil . This test will allow you to know the amount and type of fertilizer you should use. [5]
It is difficult to modify the soil of an established lawn. [6]
If you need to add fertilizer, apply it to the first 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm). [7]
4 Prepare the soil. This is a crucial step. Soil preparation is the most important part of ensuring healthy lawn growth. The goal is for the soil to be loose, rich in organic matter and able to retain moisture while draining it properly. [8]
Clear the area of weeds, rocks, and roots. With the help of a shovel, dig up any large objects that are in the area where you are going to plant the grass. Make sure to completely remove the roots of the weed. [9]
You may need to use a chemical herbicide to completely kill the weed. If so, check the manufacturer's instructions for how much to use. [10]
Plow the soil by hand or a rototiller, depending on the size of the area. This is the ideal opportunity to incorporate compost or other nutrients into the soil. [eleven]
Add gypsum to the soil to improve drainage. [12]
5 Level the area. Once you've finished clearing and plowing the area, it's ready to be leveled. Use a rake and smooth the entire area. Fill in the low spots and break up the remaining lumps. [13]
While you are leveling the area, it is a good idea to leave a slope away from the foundation of the house. Leaving a slope will help avoid water runoff problems in the future. [14]
Part 2 Grow a lawn from seed
1 Spread the seeds. Set the seed spreader to the recommended speed and fill it with half the seeds. To ensure better coverage, first run it in one direction over the entire lawn. Then fill the spreader with the remaining seeds and pass it through the starting direction. Consider making a crisscross pattern over the area. [fifteen]
You can re-cover the entire area with an empty spreader to ensure that there is good contact between the seeds and the soil. [16]
2 Fertilize the soil. Once you've planted the entire area, add a little peat moss to the soil to establish the seeds and help them retain moisture. With the help of a cage roller, apply a thin layer of peat moss on the seeds. [17]
This layer of compost will help keep the seeds moist during germination. It also protects them from birds and will limit their movement in the event of heavy rain. [18]
3 Water the seeds. Perhaps the best way to water them is to use an oscillating sprinkler. If you have access to multiple sprinklers, place them in various parts of your yard to wet the entire area. [19]
For best results, water the seeds 2 to 3 times a day for 5 to 10 minutes for the first 8 to 10 days. During this period, it is essential that the seeds are kept moist. You should not water them excessively, as the objective is to stimulate germination. Water in the morning to reduce the chances of evaporation. [twenty]
Don't use a harsh spray when watering a freshly seeded lawn. You run the risk of choking the seeds or pushing them away. [twenty-one]
When watering your lawn, take into account the potential rainfall in your area. You should also take the amount of rain into account, and try to apply 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week. [22]
If you live in an area prone to heavy rains, you could lose some seeds. However, the rain must be strong enough to move the soil before it can displace the seeds. [2. 3]
4 Trim new grass. Once the grass has reached 3-4 inches (7-10 cm), it's time to prune it. Check that the soil is dry when you prune it. If it's wet, you could rip the grass off the ground. [24]
Part 3 Growing a lawn from sod
1 Buy your sod. Growing a lawn from sod is much more expensive than growing from seed, but it is much faster. Turf, which comes in rolls, is an herb that has been cultivated for a little over a year. The roots hold the strips together, allowing you to lay long strips above the prepared soil. [25]
You can plant sod in almost any season, but if you plan to plant sod in the summer, be sure to water it thoroughly. [26]
Keep the sod moist and cool while you work with it. Keep a spray bottle handy to keep it from drying out. [27]
2 Get the grass the same day you plan to lay it. The grass will start to spoil and die quickly if you put it aside, so you should plan its placement on the day you buy it. Also, make sure you only buy the amount you can install in a single day. Then water it a little, cover it with jute and keep it in a shady area until you are ready to use it.
Keep your lawn cool and damp while you work with it. Keep a spray bottle on hand to keep it from drying out. [28]
3 Lay out the first row. Start by laying the sod along the longest straight edge of your patio, usually by a fence or driveway. Do not walk on the sod while laying it and if you do, smooth the tracks with a rake. [29]
Cut off excess sod with a sharp knife and reserve for uneven corners. [30]
Make sure the turf is smooth as you install it. It should be spread out against the ground, so that the roots are well fixed. [31]
4 Keep the sod tight. As you begin to install the sod, avoid leaving gaps between each strip of sod. The sod should be snug close to hard surfaces (such as pavement or brick) so that the edges do not dry out. [32]
Cut off the middle of the second strip of sod when you lay it down. Doing so will allow you to create staggered joints, similar to bricks. In this way, the joints will be less visible and the edges will not dry out. [33]
5 Water while you work. New sod needs to be kept moist. Once you've laid the first rows, water the sod well. Pause to check the humidity every two to three rows. [3. 4]
Pay close attention to the edges, as they can dry quickly. [35]
6 Fill the gaps. Although it is best to keep the strips of sod tight together, there may still be some gaps. Instead of using small strips of sod that will dry very quickly, fill in the spaces with potting soil or peat. [36]
7 Use a lawn roller to compress the lawn. Once you have laid out all the grass rows, roll over them that is full with water or sand. This will flatten the grass and firmly compress it to the surface.
8 Water the sod one last time. Once you've finished laying the last strip of sod, wet the grass. [37]
Water the sod until the soil underneath is soaked. Not only will this allow the roots to establish faster, but it will also ensure that the sod is too wet to walk over. [38]
Avoid heavy traffic for the first two weeks, as this could disturb the sod and prevent the formation of solid roots. After two weeks, it will be safe to prune it. [39]
Tips
Fertilize after mowing the lawn for the first time. Regardless of whether you started with seeds or sod, it is important to keep your lawn fertilized.
Grass poop has different requirements. Pay attention to the specific needs of the herb you have chosen.
If you lose seeds due to heavy rain, smooth the soil when it dries and add more seeds.
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I teach you the easiest way to plant or sow grass. Yes, that's right, planting or sowing grass with seeds has no difficulty and you can do it yourself, whether you only need to reseed some of the areas of your lawn that look worse, or to renew it completely. There are several ways to plant or sow grass, I am going to show you the simplest so you can do it without complications.
When to plant or sow the lawn? The best times to plant or sow grass with seeds in Spain are Spring and early Autumn . Both are times that we can call “growth”, that is, everything grows after having overcome the extreme times; winter or summer. In these extreme times it is not advisable to plant or sow grass.
At the beginning of Autumn (in Spain), the grass comes out faster because the ground is hot from the end of summer, and it covers a lot after two weeks. In spring, the grass takes a little longer to cover the area, about three to four weeks.
Logically, the best time to sow grass with seeds depends on the climate of each area.
In continental climates, the ideal planting runs from mid-March to the end of May. In autumn, we will preferably sow between the end of August and mid-October.
In oceanic climates, sowing periods are longer both in spring and autumn, as these are mild and humid climates.
In the warm climates of the Mediterranean and southern regions, spring sowing can be anticipated in early March, and even late February, lasting until mid-May. In autumn, you should not start sowing until early September, extending the sowing season until early - mid-November.
The warm climate tussock species (Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum, etc.), require night temperatures of about 13ºC for their germination, and daytime temperatures of about 17 / 18ºC. Therefore they must be sown well into spring or early summer. There is no fall planting for these lawns.
For temperate climate species, autumn plantings are always preferable, since we are moving towards cooler temperatures and more humid weather, conditions that are generally appreciated by tussock grasses. Furthermore, in autumn, the incidence of weeds is much lower than in spring.
However, gardening is also linked to the law of supply and demand. It is in spring when private owners and municipal technicians get down to work to prepare the parks and gardens for their moment of greatest use and enjoyment. For this reason, in spring most of the annual plantings are concentrated.
Preparing the ground for sowing grass To ensure a good implantation of the lawn it is very important that the soil has good conditions. It must have a good structure, that is, the ability to retain water without weighing it down, and a sandy texture that guarantees good drainage.
Do a deep tillage with a hoe or motor hoe digging about 15-20 centimeters into the ground. This way you can remove and remove stones, root debris and other coarse elements, as well as pre-existing vegetation. If you wet the ground it will be easier for you. Rake to remove the smallest debris and then leave it perfectly smooth.
If you are renovating your old lawn and cannot till it because it would break the irrigation system, then tear off the old lawn in a layer of about 6 cm. manually or renting an appropriate machine if you find it in your area.
Eliminate unwanted weeds with a "False seeding." To prevent plants from growing in the grass in the future, water the land for several days so that the seeds that are in the ground germinate. When they have germinated you can repeat the tillage and rake well. Another alternative is to apply a total non-residual herbicide ( total herbicide ) and repeat the operation about 15 days later.
Make sure the soil drains well. Waterlogging can lead to grass root rot, fungal disease, or moss spots. Ensuring good drainage is therefore essential. It will be necessary to smooth the surface to eliminate any concavity and also provide a slight unevenness towards a natural or artificial drain if possible. Spreading a layer of sand will ensure optimal drainage; To establish its thickness, take into account the nature of the terrain. If it is clay, the most efficient is to mix the earth with sand. If there are still areas with excess water, it will be necessary to install a drainage network.
Bury the irrigation system. Buried sprinkler pipes and parts should be installed at this time. Make sure the design of the irrigation system is well thought out and water the entire area evenly.
Add mulch or topsoil. Turf needs a layer of topsoil at least 10 centimeters thick to grow strong and shiny. You can add this layer or enrich the soil that you already have well composted organic compost or mulch that will provide it with slow release nutrients, which will favor microbial activity and improve the structure.
Level the surface. The last steps before sowing are to level the surface with a rake so that it is perfectly even, and pass it with a roller or garden roller to smooth it.
What kind of grass to plant? There are many varieties of grass, since the grass itself is a mixture of several types of grass seeds. Depending on the type of seeds and the percentage of them among themselves, we will obtain one type of grass or another. We cannot say that one type of lawn is better than another, but rather that one type of lawn will adapt better than another to our garden, that is, to the particular conditions of our garden or the area in which we live. Climatic conditions, characteristics of the soil and irrigation water, insolation, proximity to the sea, care that it will receive and use that it will be given.
I recommend that you pay attention to the type of grass you are going to sow, asking professionals in your area or the nearest Garden Center why they have the experience, or consulting this video advice ➜ What types of grass seeds to sow in Spain , where we talk about it. If your garden has special conditions to take into account, such as shady areas, do not let them overlook them.
Once you have chosen the type of grass, it is important that you take good note, not only of the commercial brand, but of its composition. Write it down and save this informationso that in the future, if you had to reseed again, you can do it with the same type of grass or with the most suitable grass to regenerate damaged areas. Believe me, if you plant or sow grass with different types of grass, you can tell the difference, and after the years you have an unpresentable hodgepodge.
Step by step for planting the lawn.
1- First attention to drainage. Check if the land has drainage problems, that is, if after heavy rains the water remains stagnant in puddles for a long time. If this is the case, you should take care of solving this problem before doing anything, if you don't do it like this, then everything will be problems, the grass will not grow well and it will develop problems due to fungi. If you do not see special drainage problems in your garden, you do not need to do anything because the installation of drainage systems is very expensive and you must assume them only when you have no other choice.
2- The irrigation system and the quality of its design and installation is very important, if you want to sow a new lawn from scratch make sure you install a good, well-designed automatic irrigation system, and if you are going to renew your lawn or do a reseeding of damaged areas, thoroughly review the irrigation system to improve it or adjust it where necessary before continuing. Most of the problems that I encounter every day on lawns are caused by a bad design of the irrigation system that does not water the area evenly, with very wet areas and others that are half dry.
3- If you are going to start from scratch, or you are going to renew your lawn, do a false sowing, which means that you must water the land for a few weeks as if it were already sown (although in reality you have not sown anything yet), this way you will get them to germinate almost all the weed seeds you have in the field and then apply a total herbicide to eliminate them.
4- The grass will need a layer of quality soil of about 7 to 10 centimeters, so you must add vegetated soil, to create this layer that guarantees its good growth. Topsoil is a mixture of compost, sand, and normal garden soil. Do not use only compost thinking that it will be a better quality base because among many inconveniences you will see mushrooms that although they do not kill the lawn, they do make it very ugly, as you can see in this small video:
If you start from scratch you must till the land, you can help yourself from a rototiller that you can rent, and rake all the surface stones before adding the new layer of topsoil. If you are going to renovate your lawn, you cannot till the land because you run the risk of breaking the irrigation pipes, just tear off the existing lawn to a depth of about 6 cm. Topsoil can be mixed with 30% sand if you need to improve drainage. Finally, level the ground with a rake and compact it a bit with a roller.
5- In the manuals they advise applying a chemical fertilizer in the background, I recommend that you do not apply it yet, that you wait until the grass has come out and it already has two or three cuts to fertilize it. Then I do advise you to fertilize it, but with an organo-mineral slow release fertilizer, which lasts 2-3 months and prevents burns on the lawn. Why? Because a perfect lawn does not always come out the first time and it is usually normal to have to do small “support” replants in some areas during the first weeks. So if you don't fertilize it, the grass will grow slowly and you can make these corrections. If you fertilize it before it grows, it will grow quickly, you will have to cut it, and these tasks will be an obstacle for small “support” replants.
6- Give a final raking and broadcast the seed (by hand) and first the edges first and then the rest in two crossed passes to make a more homogeneous distribution. There are also some simple mechanical machines that you can rent or buy for this task. It is important that the seed is distributed evenly. For seed mixtures, a dose of 40 gr./m2 is usually recommended. However, I recommend that you double that amount because not all the seeds will germinate, and many others will be the appetizer of birds or they will become part of the ants' pantry. If you find an anthill, apply an ant product.
7- With a metal broom placed in an “upside down” position, gently rake the area to semi-bury the grass seeds. It is about burying them a little but without moving them from place, gently. In the manuals they recommend covering the seeds with a layer, for example, of mulch (soil fertilized with manure) or (fine topsoil), however this work is not essential and you can save it, the seeds will germinate without problems with gentle raking. In addition, applying that cover layer requires a certain skill not to move the seeds or bury them too much.
8- Also in the manuals you will see that they advise to pass a roller to compact once the land has been seeded, I recommend that you do not do it either, first because once the land has already been seeded and gently raked it is better not to tread or tinker anymore, and second, because with watering the seed will join with the ground without the need to “crush” it with a roller.
9- And to water! As the seed is in the surface layer of the ground, you must always keep it moist. To do this, water a few minutes but many times a day, because the surface of the ground dries quickly, however we do not need the ground to be very wet in depth because there are no seeds there. I recommend 3 irrigations a day, at 7 in the morning, at 1 in the afternoon, and at 6 in the afternoon. At night it is not necessary because humidity is maintained in the absence of sun. The irrigation time will depend on the design of the irrigation system you have and the time you are sowing. Remember, the idea is to keep the surface 2-5 centimeters moist, so you can start for example with 10 minutes and monitor the first waterings to see if the watering time needs to be increased or reduced. Above all, do not make puddles because each puddle is going to be a future bald spot that you will have to reseed again. As the grass grows, you have to reduce the watering, going to only twice a day when the green already covers the ground, and once a day after the first mowing that you must then schedule at night.
10- The first mowing after sowing is of great importance and should be done when the grass has reached 10 centimeters in height. Only a third of the total length has to be trimmed to encourage new shoots to grow on the crown and get the plant is spread wide. In later mowing it is advisable to maintain that cutting height, although always taking into account the variety of grass chosen. The more frequent the cuts, the higher the density the plant mat will develop.
Once the new grass is born, and after some other mowing, fertilize it as we mentioned before, yes, when you have finished the small replanting of the possible bald spots that have arisen, do not worry that it is normal that everything is not perfect at first. Keep an eye out for anything unusual, just in case overwatering during planting could have caused a fungal problem in the fragile new lawn, although this rarely happens. If you see a strange color in any area, apply a broad spectrum fungicide (for various types of fungi) and repeat after 15 days.
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Essential tips for watering in summer
It is the most repeated phrase of the summer: "Wow, how hot it is!" If they could talk, our plants would tell us the same thing. And they would add: "Wow, I'm thirsty!" For them, the expressions "dying of heat" or "dying of thirst" can be literal. Logically, with the summer heat they need to hydrate more, but beware! Not all plants are watered in the same way , nor do they need the same amount of water, or the same frequency of irrigation to be well hydrated. Watering does not consist of pouring water without rhyme or reason, we must take into account many factors: the biology of the plant, the type of pot, the substrate, the place where it is located, the time ...
To make it easy for you, Jardineamos tells you the keys so that your plants — and your lawn — are perfect all summer. Healthy, happy and well hydrated.
1. To each plant its water Treating all plants equally is a very common mistake. Each plant has different needs for light, temperature, humidity, substrate ... And also water, of course. There are plants that require very little quantity, even in summer, such as cacti, shrubs, vines or aromatic plants (except mint). And others, on the other hand, need you to water them and spray their leaves daily , especially if they stay in the sun for many hours. Some species are very sensitive and must be watered by placing a dish of water under the pot. Acidophilic plants do not like tap water, with too much lime. Plants that are in the flowering or fruiting phase require more water.
So, the first thing is to inform yourself about the biology of your plants . As a general guideline, with its exceptions, plants with larger leaves and less light requirements tend to need more water.
2. Don't dry me ... or drown me Logically, in the hottest months the plants need more hydration. But this does not necessarily mean a lot of water. It is more serious to water too much than to water too little; Oddly enough, many more plants die from excess water — literally drowned — than from lack of irrigation . If you water too much, the water does not let air into the substrate and, consequently, the roots cannot breathe, the plant withers and dies. Excess moisture also facilitates the appearance of fungi and other diseases that damage the roots.
As a rule, the water should reach the roots sufficiently but without puddling the earth; and trying to do it evenly, that is, distributing the water throughout the irrigation area.
3. The best time to water In outdoor plants, the best time to water in summer is at dusk or early in the morning , when it is not too hot. In this way, the water will be better used by the plants. Also, high temperatures can evaporate the water before it reaches the roots. Also keep in mind that plants in full sun will lose more moisture through perspiration and evaporation.
Also be careful with the leaves . If they are kept wet at night they can end with mold; And if they stay wet in the sun, the magnifying glass effect can cause burns.
4. Be careful with the frequency of irrigation It is a fundamental issue that depends on several factors. First, if the plants are in pots, they must be watered more often , as they have less substrate to retain moisture and, therefore, the roots end up with the water reserve earlier. The size and material of the pot also have an influence : the larger it is, the more water it can store; and porous materials like wood or ceramic retain less moisture than a plastic pot. The type of substrate is also very important : clayey ones retain more moisture because they are not very breathable, the opposite of cactus substrates; the most recommended is the universal substrate, which has a balanced relationship between retention, nutrients and oxygenation.
5. Don't waste water The rule of thumb is to water as much as necessary and as little as possible . The ideal is to install an automated irrigation system with a humidity sensor; drip irrigation is more efficient versus sprinkler or hose. But there are also other ways to save water when it is most scarce, which is in summer: collect rainwater, with drums, cisterns, ponds or any other method of collection; group the plants into zones according to their irrigation needs, so you can water each zone independently; place padding at the base of the plants to retain moisture; the wind dries the plants a lot, protect them with hedges, trees, fences, etc .; choose native plants, which do not need irrigation, as they are supplied by rain ...
6. And some tips for watering the lawn -The watering must be abundant and regular (in summer, once a day minimum); the important thing is that the water reaches the roots, it does not stay on the leaves. But be careful not to puddle the soil, as it can cause fungi and diseases.
-Use more water in sandy areas , and less in clay soils , shaded areas and hollows.
-The best times to water are first thing in the morning and before sunset. It is not advisable to water at night , since the water does not evaporate causes the appearance of fungi.
-If the grass is freshly cut, it will need more water, as the sunlight affects it more.
How to water the plants correctly?
Watering is one of the most important tasks that every gardener must do. Without water, plants cannot live and, therefore, produce flowers or fruit . But sometimes it is not easy to control; and if we take into account that extremes are very detrimental to the health of our plant beings ... things can get much more complicated.
To make it easier for you, it's time to offer you a series of tips on how to water your plants correctly .
Check the humidity of the soil
To control more or less irrigation it is important to check the humidity of the soil or substrate. Each of the plants that we have on the patio or in the garden has its own water needs; for example, flowering plants or palm trees need slightly less water than grass .
In order to avoid problems, you must first make sure that the soil or substrate really needs water, but how? Very easy:
Land : Small plant (flowers, shrubs, cacti, etc.): if we want to know that a small plant that is planted in the garden has to be watered, what we will do is dig a little (no more than 10-15cm depending on its size the plant) not far from the trunk or main stem. If it is wet, at that depth we would see that the earth has a darker color. Large plant (tree, palm, bamboo, etc.): in these cases the ideal would be to go deeper, about 20cm. Substrate : there are different ways to know if the substrate is wet or dry: Weigh the pot once it is watered and again after a few days: when it is wet it weighs slightly more than when it is dry, so this difference in weight can serve as a guide. Introduce a digital humidity meter: when it is introduced it will instantly tell us what degree of humidity there is. To make it more useful, it is advisable to introduce it in other areas of the pot (closer to the trunk or stem of the plant, further away ...). Dig a bit on the surface: you don't have to go too deep, especially if it's a plant that has been in the pot for a long time. It will suffice with about 5-15cm depending on the size of the pot (the deeper it is, the more it can be deepened).
Soak the soil or substrate well
Irrigation is not just pouring water. If we want the entire root system to be hydrated, it is necessary that, when we water, the entire soil or the entire substrate is well soaked . For this reason, it is not advisable to pour only one glass of water every X days, because that glass can only be useful if a small pot is watered.
If we have plants that are in pots , regardless of the season of the year we are in, we have to water until the water comes out through the drainage holes and, above all, until we notice that its weight has increased. In the case that they are garden plants , it will depend on the type of soil that it is and the size of the plant itself, but to make sure it is always more advisable to add something more than what we would really put in.
In order to save water , it is highly advisable to install a drip irrigation system , which will slowly moisten both the soil and the substrate, allowing the roots to absorb it.
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How to water potted plants
Do you know how to water potted plants? There are up to three different systems of watering depending on the species. Take note!
Not all plants need the same amount of water, nor the same irrigation system. If in our section of cards we explained how much water each plant needs, now we explain the three methods that are usually used to water the pots .
Unlike garden plants, potted plants need more water because the substrate is limited and evaporates sooner. In addition, depending on the location we will also have to water more or less regularly.
Pot irrigation systems
1. Irrigation from above This is the most common system and the one used by most plants. With a watering can, a glass or a bottle we apply the water directly on the substrate from above. It is important to avoid that the leaves or the flowers come into contact with the water, since they can spoil or favor the appearance of fungi.
2. By immersion The pot is placed in the sink or in a bucket with water. It is a perfect system for epiphytes or orchids .
Immersion irrigation
3. Through the plate This system makes the plant drink the amount it considers necessary through the roots . The water is poured directly on the plate of the pot and left for a few minutes until the plant is hydrated. Afterwards, the excess is discarded. It is ideal for bulbs or plants with stems or leaves that are sensitive to moisture.
Irrigation is best done first or late in the morning . The best way to measure the plants is to let the surface layer of the substrate dry between watering and watering. If we see that the leaves are limp or begin to turn yellow, we will have to increase the waterings slightly. If, on the contrary, we see that fungi appear or the leaves acquire a brown tone, it is that we are exceeding the waterings.
How many times should a plant be watered?
Irrigation is the contribution of water that is made to the plants so that they maintain their hydration and can properly carry out their vital processes.
Depending on the climate of the area in which we are, the season of the year, the drought cycles, the type of terrain, the variety of plant in question, or whether it is found in the interior or in the exterior of a house, we must water it more or less frequently. Therefore, we must be very careful with recommendations such as: water twice a week, water every three days; there are so many variables that by wanting to be methodical we can end the life of the plant.
To know if a plant needs water, it is best to touch the surface of the earth where it is located. If it is dry, try to open the surface a little to check the degree of humidity. If we cannot find it, we must provide it with water.
Another system that helps us to assess the water needs of the plant is to add a little water and observe how quickly or slowly it absorbs it. If you do it quickly, you have to continue adding small amounts until the upper part is damp. If, on the other hand, the water does not absorb quickly or does not even sink into the ground, it is that its humidity level is correct. All this always taking into account the geographical area in which we live, the existing humidity, air and sun conditions. If you live in a very dry and hot area, the surface layer of soil in the pots may dry out a lot and the incorporation of water produces an effect similar to that mentioned above when it already has a lot of water: it takes longer to absorb. In this case it does not mean that you already have enough water.
We must pay attention to all the plants that we have in the garden or on the terrace, not only those that are exposed to the sun. The passage of air or the type of soil also influences the loss of moisture from the plant.
Depending on the size of the plant or the pot in which it is located, we must make a greater or lesser contribution of water. A small container tends to dry faster than a large one. In the case of gardens, it must be taken into account that larger plants need to create more nutrients to feed themselves and, therefore, they need more water to maintain themselves.
It is convenient that, in the case of pots, we place a clay or metal seedling under the pot. In this way we will avoid rotting the plant and we will ensure that the roots can absorb the liquid element that has leaked in the watering. We will also prevent moisture spots from appearing on the ground, since the pots concentrate it in the lower part of it.
In all cases, it must be remembered that all pots must have a hole in the lower part to be able to expel any excess water.
We must also pay attention to the type of water we give to our plants. Limestone water is not good for plants, but if we have no other option, we can cancel its degree of acidity with lemon juice. The proportion is one lemon for every five liters of water.
It is also important that we control the water temperature, especially in indoor plants and in winter. It is recommended that it be warm and even somewhat hot since the contribution of very cold water can make the plant sick.
Tips on How to Water Your Tree
Learning how to water a tree is one of the best ways to keep it healthy and stress-free, especially during the hottest months of the year. But did you know that the most common watering mistake is actually too much water?
Whether it's too much or too little water, watering can be tricky if you don't know how. Follow this guide to ensure your Bios Urn® tree thrives .
Tips on how to water a tree
What time to water your tree During a typically hot afternoon , up to half the water can be lost to evaporation. The best time to water is in the morning or at night, so the roots have a chance to absorb most of the water.
However, there is no magic schedule for watering trees . How often you should water will depend on the size of your tree, soil conditions, and weather conditions. Newly planted trees require much more water than established ones, more details on this are detailed below.
The best way to determine when your tree needs water is to check the soil. What you are looking for is moist soil, not soggy. In the absence of rain or moisture, check the soil with a garden trowel to a depth of two inches (5 cm). If the soil is dry to the touch, your tree needs water.
The amount of water For well-established trees, the rule of thumb is generally 10 gallons of water (about 38 liters) for every inch (2.5 cm) of the tree's diameter. You can use a ruler at knee height to measure.
How to water a tree Perhaps the most important element of irrigation when it comes to trees is the 'how'. Slow and deep is recommended , which is why drip lines are the preferred method of irrigation (although spraying from a garden hose will certainly work). Drip irrigation also loses less water through evaporation compared to sprinkler irrigation systems.
Deep watering allows the critical root zone to absorb adequate moisture. When setting up a drip line, make sure it extends to the entire area under the tree canopy and to a depth of 10 inches (25 cm) if possible.
Consistency is key Allowing the soil to dry out completely, or allowing it to soak up, will result in a stressed tree, and therefore more prone to disease and infestation. Keeping the soil constantly moist is essential for the health of the trees.
Choosing the right tree species In regions where drought is typical, choose drought-tolerant species when planting new trees. Drought-tolerant trees are adapted to dry climates and will not only grow better, but also help you conserve water. Remember that you can use the Bios Urn® with the tree you want .
Newly planted trees Young trees are still establishing their root systems and therefore need more water . Water newly planted trees once a day for the first two weeks after planting, and once a week thereafter during the growing season.
Remember to check the soil to make sure you are not over-watering. Once the roots begin to extend beyond the root ball, you can water on a normal schedule.
Mulch is your best friend Mulch is a very effective way to keep the soil from drying out quickly , especially during excessive heat. Mulching 2-4 inches deep (5-10 cm) will help conserve moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Water all year Don't forget to water your tree in winter during dry spells. Just because they are dormant does not mean that their trees are not growing. Water when air and soil temperatures are above 40 degrees F (4.5ºC) and when there is no snow. Your trees will thank you later!
