Friday, February 26, 2021

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Know your blood sugar levels


If you have diabetes, keeping your blood sugar (glucose) level within your target range can help you feel good today and stay healthy for the future.

There are two ways to measure your blood sugar:
  • The A1C test is a laboratory test that measures the average level of sugar in your blood over the past 2 to 3 months. This test shows if your blood sugar level stayed near your target range most of the time, or if it was too high or too low.
  • Self-monitoring tests are self-tests of your blood sugar. These tests will show you what your blood glucose level is at the time you take the test.
  • The two tests help you and your health care team see if your diabetes care plan is working well.

The A1C test
Why should I have an A1C test? The A1C test lets you and your health care team know if your diabetes care plan has been working well for the past 2 to 3 months. It will also help them decide what type and amount of medicine you need.

What should my A1C target range be? For many people with diabetes, the A1C goal is less than 7. You and your healthcare team will decide what your A1C target range should be.

If your A1C level stays too high, it can increase the chance that you will have eye, kidney, nerve, and heart problems.

How often should I get an A1C test? You should take the A1C test at least twice a year. You should have it more often if your results are too high, if you change your diabetes treatment, or if you want to get pregnant.

What if I want to get pregnant? Talk to your health care team before you get pregnant. Your doctor can help you reach a target A1C range that allows your baby to develop well. If you are already pregnant, visit your doctor immediately.

Self-monitoring blood sugar tests
Why should I have self-monitoring tests? Self-monitoring tests will let you know if certain things (such as physical activity, stress, medicine, and food) raise or lower your blood sugar. These tests give you the information you need to make good decisions to help you better control your diabetes.

Keep a record of your results. Watch for when your blood sugar gets very high or low. At each visit, talk with your healthcare team about the results of your self-monitoring tests. Ask them what you can do when your blood sugar is not within your target range.

How do I check my blood sugar? Blood sugar meters use a small drop of blood to tell you how much sugar you have in your blood at the moment. Ask your healthcare team how you can get the supplies you need. They can also teach you how to use them.

What is a good target range for my self-tests? Many people with diabetes try to keep their blood sugar between 80 and 130 before meals. About two hours after you start eating, the range should be below 180. The target range for your blood sugar level may be different if you are older (if you are over 65 years of age). and you have had diabetes for a long time. It might be different if you have other health problems like heart disease or your blood sugar gets too low. Ask your healthcare team what range is best for you.

Can my blood sugar level get too low? Yes, it can. If you are shaky, sweaty, or hungry, check your blood sugar to see if it is below your target range. Always carry something sweet with you, such as 4 hard candies or sugar tablets. If your blood sugar is too low, take sugar tablets or candy. If this happens to you often, tell your health care team, and ask what you can do to prevent this from happening to you.

How often should I check my blood sugar? Self-monitoring tests are usually done before and after meals and at bedtime. People who need insulin need to check their blood sugar more often than people who do not take insulin. Check with your health care team about your schedule for self-testing.

What other tests are important for good diabetes control? You should check your blood pressure and cholesterol (a type of fat in the blood). Your health care team can also tell you what goals you should have for these two levels. Keeping these levels within your target range will help lower your chance of having a heart attack or stroke.

How do I pay for these exams? Medicare and most health insurances cover the cost of the A1C test and the cholesterol test, as well as some supplies for self-monitoring tests. Find out what your health insurance plan covers for you, or ask your healthcare team to help you see how you can cover these expenses. For more information about Medicare, visit www.medicare.gov External link

What's the use of making so much effort? It can be hard to find the time to do a blood sugar self-test. It can also be difficult to go to such lengths to control your diabetes and see your blood sugar not stay in the target range. Remember that your A1C and self-test results are to help you, not to judge you.

For many people, taking self-monitoring tests and using these results to manage their diabetes can work well. It is easier for these people to take control of their diabetes to feel good today and stay healthy in the future.

Juan visits his health care team
Juan and his health care team review all of his test results to get a better idea of ​​how his diabetes care plan is working.

At each visit, Juan and his team:

  • They review your A1C, cholesterol, and blood pressure test results, as well as your record of your blood sugar self-monitoring test results.

They check to see if you are achieving your goals.
In Juan's visit to the doctor today, they notice that his A1C test is very high. He talks with his healthcare team to see what he can do to bring his levels closer to his target range.

Together they decide that Juan:

  • You will increase your daily walk after dinner to 30 minutes.
  • You will do the self-monitoring test at bedtime to see if exercising more is helping to lower your blood sugar.
  • You will call your doctor in a month. Your doctor may change or adjust your medications if your self-monitoring test results are still outside of your target range.
  • The National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services is a joint program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ), with the support of more than 200 partner organizations.

This information is not copyrighted. NIDDK encourages the public to share this information freely.

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FIND OUT HOW TO MEASURE BLOOD GLUCOSE. CONTROL YOUR SUGAR EASILY!


Do you have to monitor your blood glucose level on a daily basis? If this is your case, know the normal levels and we also explain how to measure glucose properly to avoid hypo and hyperglycemia. We leave you the link to our  glucometer . As always, if you have any questions, contact us here and we will solve them.

How to measure glucose
If you have to measure glucose in your blood, it is likely that you have been diagnosed with diabetes, have been told your risk of suffering from it or have symptoms of hypo or hyperglycemia . Controlling blood sugar levels will then be essential to maintain good health and therefore your well-being.

Carrying out these measurements is simple and perhaps the tricky part is maintaining adequate blood glucose levels. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, an action plan is usually arranged with the doctor to keep the values ​​within normality . But we are going to guide you in this process so that you can control your levels without problems.


Why should you measure blood sugar?
If your doctor has recommended you measure it regularly or if you have diabetes and you should do it daily, it is because the information from these measurements tells you if you are adequately controlling your glucose level. And controlling it is essential for your health. In addition, measuring blood glucose informs you of the following:

  • Whether medical treatment is effective and how it affects medication.
  • It helps you understand how diet affects your levels.
  • Other pathologies can affect your glucose level. For example stress.
  • It helps you differentiate and identify high (hyperglycemia) and low (hypoglycemia) levels.

Measuring blood glucose with glucometers
Generally, the blood sugar level is measured with a comfortable and portable device, a glucose meter . This allows you to carry out the controls properly even outside the home. And how do you do it? We are going to see some guidelines necessary to do it correctly.

The glucometer (glucose measuring device) can be of different types and models . They can vary in their size, in the type of test strips (disposable element that reacts to the drop of blood), in the amount of blood they need, the place of the puncture, etc. There are many types, but specific guidelines for their use. To start with and once the glucometer has been chosen, before taking the measurement it is important to know that the right times to do the measurementsthey are on waking and fasting and 2 hours after eating. When making the measurement you must wash your hands for a correct result. Let's use the example of a glucometer with test strips. Place one in the mouthpiece of the device (where indicated by the manufacturer) and a sterile lancet in the lancing device (to remove the drop of blood). Once drawn, apply the drawn blood onto the test strip. The meter will run its test and you will get your blood glucose level. If this meter doesn't have memory, take notes and keep track.

Blood glucose: Normal blood glucose values ​​after eating
As I have mentioned, after meals it is essential to wait around 2 hours to make an adequate measurement. The normal values ​​or normoglycemia depend on whether you have diabetes or not. According to the Foundation for Diabetes (Spain), normal blood glucose values ​​are fasting:

  • Without diabetes between 70 and 100 mg / dl.
  • With diabetes between 80 and 130 mg / dl.

These are the normal values ​​that we must all achieve and control. If in your case, you are above or below, I recommend you consult with your doctor to modify the action plan that you have developed.

Glucose measuring device
As an example, we are going to see a blood glucose measuring device with which you can perform the controls comfortably and easily. You can also take it with you and take measurements wherever you are.

With this type of meter you can control glucose values ​​and thus avoid any problems. It is very comfortable and accurate and allows you to keep track of measurements properly. Its use is very simple and offers you the exact results . In this case, the meter contains:

  • Glucometer (blood glucose measuring device)
  • Lancets (to get the blood sample)
  • Test strips (in contact with blood determines the amount of glucose)
  • Puncture device with transparent cap for LAP (to perform each puncture quickly and gently)
  • Instruction manuals
  • Carrier bag








HOW TO MEASURE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS


This is a practical step-by-step guide on how to check your blood sugar. Share it with your family or friends who may need to check their child's blood for the first time, or use it as a guide for you, if this is something new to you.

HOW TO PRICK FINGER AND CHECK BLOOD:

  1. Wash your hands.
  2. Clean the fingertip with rubbing alcohol. Make sure it's very dry.
  3. Set the needle to 2 or 3 to start. Twist the round tip at the top of the punch to match the white line.
  4. Insert a strip into the glucose meter. Place the black and white end of the strip on the meter. Don't touch the white or yellow tip. (This action will cause the meter to “wake up” and in a moment you will see a warning on the screen with a drop of blood. This indicates that it is ready to start.)
  5. Pull the needle out by pushing on the end of the awl (like a pen). A bubble on one side will turn yellow when the needle is removed.
  6. For best results, squeeze your finger below the puncture site to draw blood to the tip.
  7. Prick your finger by pushing the awl against the clean fingertip and then press the yellow button.
  8. Squeeze it until a drop of blood comes out. It has to be a good drop, if the blood is watery or runs down the finger, the reading may be inaccurate (it will show a lower number than the true one).
  9. Place the white or yellow tip of the strip on the drop of blood and wait until the meter beeps, indicating that the blood has already been read.
  10. Lightly wipe the blood with a paper towel; the hole closes almost instantly.

IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE GETTING A DROP OF BLOOD:

  • Wash your hands with lukewarm water (and dry them well, of course).
  • Shake your hands a bit to increase circulation.
  • Don't hold your finger up in the air as blood will flow to the opposite side of the finger.
  • Increase the needle setting to 3, 5, or more if necessary.
  • Stay hydrated. It's harder to get a drop of blood if you're not.

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Blood sugar test.


Blood glucose tests are an important part of diabetes care. Find out when to check your blood glucose level, how to use a blood sugar meter, and more.

If you have diabetes, self-testing your blood glucose can be an important tool in managing your diabetes and preventing complications. You can test your blood glucose at home with a portable electronic device called a blood glucose meter, which measures the level of glucose in a small drop of blood. You can also use a device called a continuous glucose monitor.

Why you should measure your blood sugar
Blood glucose testing provides useful information for managing diabetes. It can help you with the following:

  • Control the effect of diabetes medications on blood glucose levels
  • Identify blood glucose levels that are high or low
  • Track your progress against your overall treatment goals
  • Know how diet and exercise affect blood glucose levels
  • Understand how other factors, such as illness or stress, affect blood glucose levels

When to check your blood sugar
Your doctor will tell you how often to check your blood glucose levels. The frequency of testing usually depends on the type of diabetes you have and your treatment plan.

Diabetes type 1

Your doctor may recommend testing your blood glucose four to 10 times a day if you have type 1 diabetes. You may need to take measurements:

  • Before meals and snacks
  • Before and after exercise
  • Before going to bed
  • During the night (sometimes)
  • More often if you are sick
  • More often if you change your daily routine
  • More often if you start a new medicine

Type 2 diabetes

If you take insulin to control type 2 diabetes, your doctor may recommend that you test your blood glucose several times a day, depending on the type and amount of insulin you use. Testing before meals and at bedtime is usually recommended if you are taking multiple daily injections. You may only need to do a test before breakfast and dinner if you use only a long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin.

If you manage type 2 diabetes with medications without insulin or with diet and exercise alone, you may not need to test your blood glucose level daily.


What if you wear a continuous glucose monitor?

People with diabetes, especially those with type 1 diabetes, can also choose to use a continuous glucose monitor. These devices measure your blood glucose every few minutes using a sensor inserted under the skin. In general, these sensors are used for one to two weeks before they need to be changed.

The newer type of continuous glucose monitor has an implanted sensor that can detect blood glucose levels for up to three months. A body-worn transmitter sends blood glucose information wirelessly from the sensor to a smartphone app.

Some devices display the blood glucose level at all times on a receiver, smartphone, or smartwatch, and an alarm will sound if the blood glucose rises or falls too fast. Others require you to monitor your blood glucose by periodically moving the receiver across the sensor.

Most of these devices still require you to do the finger prick check to calibrate the machine. Read the user guide for your device to see if and how often you need to get checked.

Certain medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), albuterol (Proair HFA, Ventolin HFA, others), and lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril, Qbrelis), can interfere with the accuracy of some continuous glucose monitor readings, particularly on older models. Newer continuous glucose monitor readings do not appear to be affected by standard doses of acetaminophen (up to 1000 milligrams for an adult).


If you need to take medications that can affect the accuracy of the readings, your doctor may recommend that you check the results of the continuous glucose monitor with a standard blood glucose meter. Consult with your doctor about using a continuous glucose monitor if you are pregnant, on dialysis, or have a serious illness, as these conditions can affect the blood glucose readings on continuous glucose monitors.

Know your desired level
Ask your doctor what a reasonable blood glucose range would be for you. Your doctor will establish desirable blood glucose test results based on several factors, including the following:

  • Type and severity of diabetes
  • Age
  • How long you have had diabetes
  • Pregnancy status
  • Presence of diabetes complications
  • General health and presence of other diseases

The American Diabetes Association generally recommends the following blood glucose levels:

  • Between 80 and 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dL) or 4.4 to 7.2 millimoles per liter (mmol / L) before meals
  • Less than 180 mg / dL (10.0 mmol / L) two hours after meals

But the ADA notes that these goals often vary by age and personal health and should be individualized. For example, Mayo Clinic generally recommends that healthy adults younger than 60 aim for slightly lower blood glucose goals.

Some people will have slightly higher blood glucose goals, including the following:

  • People who are 60 years or older
  • People with other medical conditions, such as heart, lung, or kidney disease
  • People who have a reduced ability to perceive low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia ignorance)

How to measure your blood sugar
The blood glucose test requires the use of a blood glucose meter. The meter reads the amount of glucose in a small sample of blood, usually drawn from your fingertip, and placed on a disposable test strip. Even if you use a continuous glucose monitor, you will need a blood glucose meter to calibrate your continuous glucose monitor on a daily basis.

Your doctor or diabetes educator can recommend an appropriate device for you. It will also help you learn to use your meter.

Follow the instructions that come with your blood glucose meter. In general, this is how the process works:

  • Wash and dry your hands well. (Food and other substances can lead to inaccurate readings.)
  • Insert a test strip into the meter.
  • Prick the tip of your finger, on the side, with the needle (lancet) that comes with your test kit.
  • Touch the edge of the test strip to the drop of blood and hold it.
  • In a few seconds, the meter will show your blood glucose level on a screen.

Some meters can test blood taken from an alternate site, such as the forearm or palm of the hand. However, these readings may not be as accurate as fingertip readings, especially after a meal or during exercise, when blood glucose levels change more frequently. The use of alternate sites to calibrate continuous glucose monitors is not recommended.



Record the results
Ask your doctor how often to record your blood glucose results. Now you can download readings from many devices to a computer.

When you record your results manually, you write down the date, time, test results, medication and dosage, and information about diet and exercise. Bring your records with the results to all your appointments with your doctor.

Talk to your doctor about what to do if your results are not within the range of your desired goals.

How to avoid problems with your meter
Blood glucose meters must be used and maintained correctly. Follow these tips to ensure proper use:

  • Consult your device's user guide for instructions; procedures may vary from device to device.
  • Use a blood sample of the size indicated in the user guide.
  • Use only the specific test strips for your meter.
  • Store the test strips according to the instructions.
  • Do not use expired test strips.
  • Clean the device and do quality checks according to the instructions.
  • Bring the meter to your doctor's appointments to discuss any questions and to show him how you use your meter.