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Knee pain
It is a common symptom in people of all ages. It can start suddenly, often after injury or exercise. Knee pain can also start out as a mild discomfort and then gradually get worse.
Causes
Knee pain can have different causes. Being overweight can put you at higher risk for knee problems. Overuse of the knee can lead to problems in the knee that cause pain. If you have a history of arthritis, that could also cause knee pain.
Here are some causes of knee pain:
MEDICAL CONDITIONS:
- Arthritis . Which includes rheumatoid arthritis , osteoarthritis , lupus, and gout .
- Baker's cyst . A fluid-filled swelling located behind the knee that can occur with swelling (inflammation) from other causes, such as arthritis.
- Cancers that can spread to or start in your bones .
- Osgood-Schlatter disease.
- Infection in the bones of the knee.
- Infection in the knee joint.
INJURIES AND EXCESSIVE USE
- Bursitis . Swelling from repetitive pressure on the knee, such as kneeling for long periods of time, overuse, or injury.
- Patella dislocation.
- Fracture of the kneecap or other bones.
- Iliotibial band syndrome . A thick band injury that runs from the hip to the outside of the knee.
- Pain in the front of the knee around the kneecap.
- Ligament rupture. An injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or medial collateral ligament (MCL) that can lead to bleeding in the knee, swelling, or instability in the knee.
- Cartilage tear ( a torn meniscus ). Pain felt on the inside or outside of the knee joint.
- Muscle strain or sprains . Minor ligament injuries caused by sudden or unnatural sprains.
Home care
Simple causes of knee pain often go away on their own when you take steps to relieve symptoms. If your knee pain is caused by an accident or injury, you should contact your healthcare provider.
If your knee pain has just started and is not severe, you can:
- Rest and avoid activities that cause pain. Avoid putting weight on your knee.
- Apply ice, first every hour for 15 minutes. After the first day, apply it at least 4 times a day. Cover your knee with a towel before applying ice. Don't fall asleep while applying the ice. You can leave it there too long and get a cold burn.
- Keep your knee elevated as much as possible to reduce swelling.
- Wear an elastic bandage or elastic sleeves, both of which can be purchased at most drug stores. This can reduce swelling and provide support.
- Take ibuprofen (Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) for pain and swelling. Acetaminophen or acetaminophen (Tylenol) can help relieve pain, but not swelling. Talk to your provider before taking these medications if you have health problems, or if you have taken them for more than a day or two.
- Sleep with a pillow under or between your knees.
Follow these general tips to help relieve and prevent knee pain:
- Always warm up before exercising and cool down your muscles after you finish. Stretch the muscles in the front of your thigh (quadriceps) and the back of your thigh (hamstrings).
- Avoid running downhill - walk down instead.
- Ride a bike or, better yet, swim instead of running.
- Reduce the amount of exercise you do.
- Run on a smooth, smooth surface, such as a path, rather than on concrete or pavement.
- Lose weight if you are overweight. Every pound (0.5 kilogram) of overweight puts about 5 pounds (2.25 kilograms) of extra pressure on the kneecap when going down or up stairs. Ask your doctor for help losing weight.
- If you have flat feet, try special shoe inserts and arch supports (orthotics).
- Check that your running shoes are well made, fit well, and have good cushioning.
The additional steps you need to take will depend on the cause of your knee pain.
When to contact a medical professional
Check with your provider if:
- Cannot bear weight on knee.
- You have severe pain, even when you are not bearing weight.
- The knee bends, clicks, or locks.
- Your knee appears misshapen or disfigured.
- You are unable to bend your knee or have difficulty fully stretching it.
- You have a fever , redness or warmth around the knee, or a lot of swelling.
- You have pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, or bluish discoloration in your calf below your sore knee.
- You still have pain after 3 days of home treatment.
- What to Expect at the Doctor's Office
Your provider will perform a physical exam and check your knees, hips, legs, and other joints.
Your provider may perform the following tests:
- Knee x-ray
- MRI of the knee if a torn ligament or meniscus could be the cause
- CT scan of the knee
- Synovial fluid culture (fluid taken from the knee and examined under a microscope)
- Your provider may inject a steroid into your knee to reduce pain and swelling.
You may need to learn stretching and strengthening exercises. You may also need to see your podiatrist to fit orthopedic shoes.
In some cases, surgery may be needed.
10 tips to take care of your knees
The problems in this joint are one of the main causes of medical consultation in our country, according to SEMERGEN "Running too intensely without adequate physical preparation can seriously damage our knees", warns the Cinfa medical expert, Eduardo González Zorzano
Knee conditions are one of the main causes of medical consultation, both in Primary Care and Specialized Care, according to the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN).
Knee problems can seriously limit the functional capacity of those who suffer from them, since this joint allows the body to lift, walk, run, bend, jump or turn. As Eduardo González Zorzano, Cinfa's medical expert, explains, “it is a very complex joint, whose mechanical problems can be caused by various causes: from a blow or sudden movement, which can cause a sprain or twist, to age, obesity, some rheumatic diseases, wearing inappropriate footwear or the practice of some sports, such as football or skiing.
"Also running too hard without proper physical preparation can seriously damage our knees," adds the expert. "For this reason, it is advisable to take sports as fashionable as running calmly, and not to go long distances without carrying out an appropriate training, which should always be gradual and according to our physical condition", adds the expert.
From tendinitis to osteoarthritis
Among the most common knee injuries and problems are sprains, strains or tears of muscles or tendons, tendonitis -a pain in the front of the knee that worsens when going up and down stairs or hills-, meniscus, possible bone fractures and dislocation of the patella.
“We should not take this part of our body lightly, because neglecting the knees can lead to very negative and annoying consequences. To prevent them, we must take a series of simple precautions such as controlling our weight so as not to punish them or warm up properly before doing any sport », recommends Eduardo González Zorzano.
10 tips to keep your knees healthy:
1. Pay attention to your diet. Your diet should be balanced and rich especially in vitamins A, C, D, calcium and Omega-3 fatty acids. Also, drink plenty of water and rehydrate after exerting yourself.
2. Control your weight. Keep in mind that every extra kilogram puts approximately five extra kilos of pressure on the kneecap when descending or climbing stairs, and a loss of 5 kg reduces the symptoms associated with knee pain by 50%.
3. Exercise, but with caution. The most recommended moderate exercise is swimming, pedaling or walking. But you should always do a good warm-up before starting, and stretching and cool-down exercises at the end. When necessary, always wear the appropriate protective equipment, such as knee pads.
4. Maintain good muscle tone. There are a series of physical activities such as cycling -also static- or swimming, which will allow you to strengthen the muscles, especially the quadriceps, without overloading the joints. It is best to avoid running and jumping sports; and in the case of opting for running, it is convenient to do it on a smooth and soft surface such as a path with grass, rather than on concrete.
5. Choose the right footwear. When doing sports, your footwear must support the foot well and provide the necessary cushioning for the activity you are doing. In daily life, it is better not to use an excessive heel or soles that are too soft or worn, because in addition to pain and deformity in the feet, these shoes can overload and damage the knees.
6. Use knee pads. Knee braces are a very suitable therapeutic solution to prevent and treat injuries or pain in this joint. Go to the pharmacy, where the professional will guide you about the product best suited to your need, pain or the physical activity that you are going to perform or support that you need. Cold / heat therapies are also highly recommended to relieve pain and discomfort related to trauma, fractures, strains ... that affect the knee.
7. Take care of yourself on long trips too. Get in and out of the car with caution to protect your knees and, on long trips - also on the bus, train, plane - be sure to get up every two hours to move and stretch your legs. And if you work sitting down, take hourly breaks or do small leg movements to prevent muscle atrophy.
8. You can resort to certain medications. Also analgesics, such as paracetamol, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are a measure against pain, but their taking should always be prescribed by a doctor.
9. Go to the doctor as soon as you feel pain. If your knee starts to hurt, see your doctor as soon as possible to prevent serious injury. Also before engaging in risky sports, it would be recommended that you undergo a medical examination to make sure that your knees are in optimal condition. Follow the specialist's instructions regarding treatment, pharmacological or not.
10. Do not resume your usual activities until the doctor allows it. No matter how much you want to go back to playing sports or a normal life, not waiting long enough for an injury to improve or for the knee to recover after an intervention increases the risk of relapse or future injuries. Sometimes, in addition, rehabilitation may be necessary before resuming physical activity.
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