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Dry eye
What is dry eye? We say that we are facing a dry eye when there are no tears in sufficient quantity and quality to keep the eyes lubricated, and the problem may affect only one eye (unilateral) or, then, both eyes (bilateral). In most cases, the problem affects both eyes.
In certain occasions or circumstances, the eye may be dry without any eye problem or eye disease. Pollution, overexposure to the sun, wind, exposure to air conditioning or environments that somehow make the air drier, are factors that can act as facilitators in the evaporation of tears and, in this way, cause dryness in the eyes. .
Watching television for long periods or frequent use of a computer, mobile phone, tablets, and other digital devices also causes dry eye. This fact is related to the difference between the number of times that we “blink” our eyes in a usual way and when we use this type of devices. In addition to these, other factors may be at the root of the problem. See more information on factors that contribute to dry eye and prevention.
In some patients there may be an eye problem (pathology) that causes dry eye, as we will see below.
Dry eye syndrome In dry eye syndrome or dry eye disease, there is not enough tears produced, or even though the tears are sufficient, they do not have the quality necessary to keep the eyes lubricated.
Tears also aim to protect the eye surface from infections and harmful effects of the environment. These contain vitamins, minerals, proteins and lipids. The presence of all these substances allows to obtain quality tears to hydrate, feed and lubricate the cornea.
Tears are produced by the tear glands, located behind the upper eyelid. With blinking, they spread and make the corneal surface shiny and transparent, forming the tear film.
The tear film consists of three layers: lipid, aqueous and mucin. The lipid layer is the outermost layer and prevents the evaporation of the tear, the innermost layer is the mucin and allows the tear film to stick to the cornea, in turn, the thickest layer is the watery layer and consists of water.
The eye can be considered dry not only due to the lack of sufficient quantity of these constituents, but also when the quality is altered. The eye may be dry not only due to the quantity of these constituents but also if the quality is altered.
Thus, if the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome is confirmed, the patient, as he has poor eye lubrication, the eye suffers a kind of aggression, even trauma, with blinking.
When dry eyes occur upon waking up, this problem is likely to be related to dry eye syndrome or disease, that is, there is a decrease in the amount of tears, essentially in the basal production, or deficiency in the quality of the same, namely, alteration of the lipid layer or the mucin of the tear film.
Dry eye symptoms In dry eye, one of the most frequent symptoms is redness and burning or itchy eyes . The p excessive tears roduction ( " watery eyes "), al excessive eye rritação (smoke or wind) eod esconforto and complications with the use of contact lenses are also the most frequent signs and symptoms in dry eye.
Patients typically report that their eyes are dry and red, accompanied by burning. Blurred or "blurred" vision can occur , fundamentally, at the end of the day. In some situations there may be pain in the eyes that can be more severe in the most severe cases.
Patients who suffer from dry eye syndrome experience several signs and symptoms that can cause a lot of discomfort, fundamentally, in the presence of severe dry eye.
Causes of dry eye The most frequent causes of dry eye are: age, menopause, use of a computer in a continuous or excessive way, air conditioning, use of contact lenses and some medications (diuretics, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, analgesics, contraceptives, in some eye diseases and in some systemic diseases, etc.). Dry eye can occur in people of both sexes and at any age, although the female sex is the most affected.
The diagnosis must be made by an ophthalmologist through tests that measure the quality and production of tears. The tests are quick, painless and non-invasive.
Is dry eye curable? Dry eye syndrome has no cure . However, there are effective ways of controlling the disease that allow patients to restore their lives to a perfectly normal life. Next, learn how to treat dry eye.
Dry eye treatment The treatment for dry eye essentially involves the use of artificial tears in drops ( eye drops ) placed in the eyes several times a day, as needed. Sometimes, the use of eye drops is not enough and it may be necessary to use anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, among others, for an effective control of the disease. In certain situations, the occlusion of the tear points is useful, avoiding the drainage of tears through the tear pathways, allowing their maintenance on the ocular surface.
The ophthalmologist, based on the observation and exams performed, will make the decision about the treatment for dry eye most appropriate for each patient.
Patients, in addition to medical treatment, should avoid contact with the risk factors mentioned above, such as prolonged and excessive use of the computer (taking breaks for example), avoiding air conditioning, etc.
Eye drops for dry eye In the treatment of dry eye, several types of artificial tears ( eye drops ) are used , it is important to choose the best eye drops for an effective treatment. In these eye drops it is essential that no preservatives are present, since their use can cause serious eye allergies ( conjunctivitis ).
Counseling with the ophthalmologist (specialist in ophthalmology), on the correct use of eye drops for dry eyes, or other medication, is essential for an effective treatment.
Dry eyes - what to do? In addition to the consultation with an ophthalmologist in order to make a possible diagnosis of dry eye syndrome, it is also necessary to take some preventive measures or "natural treatment" for the health of your eyes.
Changing habits when using a computer or other digital devices, choosing a monitor, adapting lighting in the workplace and at home, routines during the day or night, among others, are all measures that can help prevent or treat the problem of dry eyes.
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SYNUSITIS - SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENT
WHAT IS SINUSITIS? Sinusitis, or sinusopathy, is the name given to inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, also known as the sinuses.
Sinusitis can result from viral, bacterial or fungal infections, allergies or immune system problems, including autoimmune diseases .
Sinusitis is usually accompanied by rhinitis , which is inflammation of the nasal cavity, causing a condition called rhinosinusitis. In most cases, rhinosinusitis is caused by respiratory viruses, such as rhinovirus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus.
WHAT ARE PARANASAL SINUSES? Paranasal sinuses, also called nasal sinuses or sinuses, are air-filled cavities within the skull and face bones, which communicate with the nasal cavity.
There are four number of paranasal sinuses, namely:
Frontal sinus.
Ethmoidal sinus.
Sphenoid sinus.
Maxillary sinus
The sinuses are important anatomical structures, as they perform the following functions:
Humidification and heating of the air breathed through the nose.
Increased voice resonance.
Balance of intracranial pressures when there are variations in atmospheric pressure (dives, plane trips or high altitude climbs).
Mucus secretion for protection of the upper airways.
Impact absorption in cases of trauma (hollow materials absorb more impact than solid materials).
The paranasal sinuses are bilateral and symmetrical, connected to the nasal cavity through small holes through which the mucus produced is drained.
Allergies or flu, for example, cause edema of the nasal mucosa and increased secretions, easily obstructing the drainage of the sinuses. The inability to drain the mucus produced leads to sinus congestion and, consequently, sinusitis.
TYPES Sinusitis can affect any of the 4 paranasal sinuses, and can be bilateral or unilateral.
Sinusopathy can be classified into:
Acute sinusitis : when symptoms last less than 4 weeks.
Subacute sinusitis : when symptoms last between 4 and 12 weeks
Chronic sinusitis : when symptoms last more than 12 weeks.
Recurrent sinusitis : when there are 4 or more episodes of sinusitis during the year.
The vast majority of acute sinus infections are of viral or allergic origin, but it is not uncommon for them to turn into bacterial sinusitis.
It turns out that the obstruction and stasis of mucus in the sinuses favor the proliferation of bacteria that live quietly in the airways. The patient, therefore, may have an initial case of allergic or viral sinusitis that after a few days can turn into a bacterial sinusitis.
Bacterial sinusitis that is not completely cured can progress to chronic sinusitis.
SYMPTOMS The main symptoms of acute sinusitis are:
Nasal congestion .
Purulent nasal discharge (yellowish coryza).
Headache .
Pain in the face.
Pain in the upper dental arch.
Pain around the eyes.
Feeling of pressure when the head is lowered.
Clogged ears,
Cough (mostly nocturnal).
Decreased taste and smell.
Pain is common when pressure is placed on the sinuses with the fingers, especially in the frontal and maxillary sinuses, which are the most superficial.
Most cases of viral or allergic sinusitis improve spontaneously within 10 days. Mild bacterial sinusitis can also be self-limiting, but in the most symptomatic cases, with high fever and a purulent runny nose, the cure usually only comes with antibiotic treatment.
Bacterial sinusitis When there is contamination of sinusitis by bacteria, fever is common. However, as the flu can trigger sinusopathy and also develop a fever, it is not always easy to distinguish between viral sinusitis and bacterial sinusitis. As already pointed out, sinus disease can start as a viral infection or an allergic condition and after a few days it turns into bacterial sinusitis.
In many cases it is not possible to distinguish between viral sinusitis and bacterial sinusitis in the first 10 days of illness.
The existence of an acute bacterial rhinosinusitis should be suspected in patients with any of the following characteristics:
Signs or symptoms of acute sinusitis lasting 10 days or more with no clinical improvement.
Onset of the condition already with more severe symptoms, such as fever above 39ºC and purulent nasal discharge, lasting at least three consecutive days.
Acute sinus disease that improves after a few days, but suddenly worsens again, with fever, pain in the face and a purulent runny nose.
COMPLICATIONS
As the sinuses are closely related to noble organs, such as eyes, ears and brain, bacterial sinusitis can lead to serious complications.
It is important to seek medical attention whenever there are the following signs of complication listed below:
Fever above 39ºC.
Edema or redness on the face.
Edema and redness around the eyes.
Double vision or any other visual change.
Mental confusion.
Very severe headache.
Neck stiffness.
Intense prostration.
Bacterial sinusitis, despite having a low mortality rate, is an infection that should not be overlooked, especially when there are the signs described above.
Among its possible complications we can mention the infection of the eyes, meningitis , brain abscess, infection of the bones of the face, otitis and labyrinthitis .
DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of sinusitis is almost always clinical, obtained through history and physical examination.
If the doctor you are attending is an otorhinolaryngologist, he can perform a rhinoscopy (nasal endoscopy) to try to directly view the paranasal sinuses and confirm the clinical suspicion.
X-ray of the sinuses In case of doubt, imaging tests may be used. The radiography of the sinuses, widely used in the past, is no longer considered a good exam, as its sensitivity is low.
When the result is positive, as in the photo below, which shows sinusopathy of the left maxillary sinus, the diagnosis can be confirmed. The problem is that if the radiograph is normal, you cannot rule out the existence of sinusitis, as the test cannot detect up to 40% of cases.
Computed tomography of the sinuses
The most used imaging exam today is computed tomography (CT). Compare the images below with two CT scans of the sinuses and see how the quality of the images is much higher.
Sinusitis The CT on the right is normal and the paranasal sinuses are filled only with air (black image). On the left, we can see a CT scan of the sinuses showing bilateral sinusopathy, more evident in the right maxillary sinus, which is completely filled with liquid (gray image).
The images provided by TC are much better defined. Contrary to what happens in the simple radiography of the sinuses, a computed tomography scan with normal results is able to exclude the diagnosis of sinusitis.
TREATMENT Most cases of acute sinusitis improve spontaneously in 7 to 10 days. Treatment, therefore, is basically symptomatic. Even bacterial sinusitis usually has a good prognosis, as complications are uncommon.
For the treatment of acute non-bacterial sinusopathy, it is indicated to wash the nasal cavity with saline solution (saline) and spray nasal corticosteroids . Warm compresses on the face can bring relief, and vigorous fluid intake helps to dilute secretions.
During attacks it is important to avoid contact with cigarette smoke, as this is an important irritation factor in the airways. In addition to smoke, it is important to try to identify other stimuli that may be irritating to the airways, such as cold or strong odor-producing chemicals.
Apart from these guidelines, nothing else is very effective. Contrary to what most people think, it is not necessary to fill up with medicines to treat sinusitis.
Nasal decongestants Nasal decongestants are often used excessively and unnecessarily. When necessary, its use is indicated for a maximum of 3 days, since these drugs are associated with relapses, caused by rebound nasal congestion. The patient uses the decongestant, has temporary relief of symptoms, but when he suspends it, nasal congestion returns quickly, thus creating a vicious cycle.
Antihistamines The use of antihistamines (antiallergic), despite being widely prescribed, does not present evidence of benefits in sinusitis. If there is no allergic process behind it, it is unlikely that this class of remedies will bring any benefit.
Antibiotics Antibiotics should only be used when there is evidence of bacterial sinusitis. The most used are amoxacillin with clavulanic acid , Bactrim® , levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin or azithromycin .
Care must be taken not to use antibiotics indiscriminately so that there is no selection of resistant bacteria. If sinus disease does not have characteristics of bacterial origin, there is no reason to use antibiotics.
CHRONIC SINUSITIS Chronic sinusitis is one that remains for more than 12 consecutive weeks despite treatment.
The chronic form is very associated with the presence of deviated nasal septum and / or nasal polyps . Both provide chronicity because they cause communication obstruction between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal passages.
Other causes of chronic infection are fungus sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease , recurrent respiratory allergy, HIV , asthma and cystic fibrosis.
While acute sinusitis usually resolves on its own in a few days, chronic sinusitis is an inflammation that is more difficult to control and should always be evaluated by an otolaryngologist. Despite being difficult to cure, it can be controlled with appropriate treatment.
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Breathing through your mouth and 5 more signs that you don't breathe properly
What is Breathe Well? This may seem like an easy question, but in practice it is not always. The thermometer can accurately measure our temperature. We can easily measure blood pressure, heart rate and even breathing, but there is no simple and definitive way to measure the quality of breathing .
There are some old tests like the Glatzel mirror (photo) and others more sophisticated like the computerized rhinomanometry, but both are just a way to see the respiratory restriction. While many people are uncomfortable with the way they breathe and seek help in our offices, others are not even aware that they have a serious problem. Some take their lives to breathe through their mouths, with their chronically blocked nose due to allergies, infectious, inflammatory changes and anatomical deformities.
When the problem gradually sets in, this mouth breathing can gradually be considered “normal”. That is why we often treat patients who simply do not breathe through their nose, but came to us for other issues, be it a hearing loss or a sore throat. Only when asked about the quality of their breathing that they begin to be aware of the problem ... Our oxygen every second Breathing provides us with access to one of our fundamental “foods”: oxygen . Although nitrogen represents almost 80% of the composition of the air we breathe, it is the 20% of oxygen that most interest the proper functioning of our cells. Without it, there could be no physiological reactions that transform fats and sugars into energy, in a phenomenon known as cellular respiration.
For oxygen to get there in the cells, we need to draw room air into our lungs through inspiration . It is in the pulmonary environment that, inside the alveoli, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, produced by breathing. After this exchange (oxygen for carbon dioxide), the air is expelled from the lungs back to the atmosphere by exhalation , completing the respiratory cycle that is repeated an average of 15 times every minute in adults, or 21,600 times a day! Most of the time, especially during all sleep, breathing happens automatically and unconsciously.
However, we need to assume it consciously for some important physiological acts such as speaking (and singing), playing sports, sneezing, yawning, laughing or playing a wind instrument. Some meditation techniques, such as Yoga, are also based on voluntary breathing control.
The wing opener For oxygen to start its way to the lungs and cellular respiration, ambient air must first pass through the nose. Located right in the middle of our face, the nasal pyramid and its nostrils are the entrance gates of this journey. More than that, inside the nasal cavities the ambient air is tempered (heated or cooled), humidified and partially filtered, through an efficient cleaning and drainage system, with the participation of hair cells and mucus producers.
Cellular cilia act as a "conveyor belt" capable of carrying away trapped particles, viruses and bacteria, while antibodies present in the mucus begin to attack and destroy them. Thanks to this protective role the nose is known as the guardian of the lung .
Breathe through your mouth Chronic nasal obstruction leads to a picture that is already well known to doctors, dentists and speech therapists: mouth breathing. Nasal airflow is essential for the development of facial anatomy. When a chronically obstructed nose is established, the nasal airflow starts to generate a series of deformities, especially in children: tapering face, short upper lip without closing the mouth, dental malocclusion, high and deep palate (roof of the mouth) that reduces the size of the nasal cavity.
Some of these deformities are irreversible and will affect respiratory quality for the rest of your life. The fight against mouth breathing should be intensive and as soon as possible.
Other Signs Although most people who do not breathe well through their nose are aware of this, some secondary signs can help to suspect a nasal breathing problem.
Breathing discomfort Many people report “bad” breathing, but without being able to explain how and why. Although breathing also occurs consciously, it is not expected to be uncomfortable. When you have to focus your attention repeatedly on your breathing or nasal obstruction, it is best to go and see what is going on. We used to say that " a good nose is one that we don't even remember that we have ". Snoring at night Snoring often cannot be considered normal. The breathing noise that generates snoring is a clear sign that something is obstructing the flow of air and preventing good breathing during sleep. This phenomenon often leads to sleep apnea , a disease that can become serious and fatal.
Short of breath for physical exercises When we are quiet or at rest, our demand for oxygen is low. By putting the body in motion, especially in aerobic activities, our muscle cells greatly increase their demand for energy and the oxygen needed to create it in cellular respiration. As a consequence, we need more "air" entering the nose. In this situation, it is common for people who have already become accustomed to poor breathing at rest to perceive their restriction more clearly, getting tired more quickly than normal. It is a frequent complaint in patients with deviated nasal septum .
Decreased sense of smell and taste The sense of smell is the result of the reception of chemical particles by receptors of olfactory cells, present in the roof of the nasal cavity. When the flow of air through the nose is blocked to some extent, these receptors stop receiving the chemical signals necessary for their detection. The reduction of smell, and consequently of taste, is frequently seen in cases of nasal polyposis.
Constant nasal discharge The passage of air through the nasal cavity, in addition to providing comfortable breathing and the correct development of facial anatomy, also helps to keep you “dry”. Clogged noses also tend to produce phlegm, since the internal swelling of its mucous surface increases mucus production and becomes a culture medium for bacteria, making rhinitis and sinusitis frequent .
Asthma has no cure, since it is caused by a genetic change that, when associated with some environmental factors, can cause narrowing of the airways and trigger symptoms such as severe difficulty in breathing, coughing and wheezing.
However, there are some remedies and other forms of treatment that help control the disease, one can live many years with asthma and lead a completely normal life.
Asthma treatment should always be guided by a pulmonologist, as it is important to adapt the type of treatment and the remedies used to each person's symptoms and asthma. But treatment usually includes the use of medications to control asthma over time and other remedies to quickly relieve seizures.
Main remedies to treat asthma Asthma can be controlled with the use of asthma drugs, popularly known as an 'asthma inhaler'. Asthma remedies should be prescribed by the pulmonologist after diagnosing asthma, which can be done by observing their symptoms and performing respiratory tests that evidence the shortness of breath in the lungs.
In addition to the remedies that must be used in an emergency, the doctor must prescribe a remedy that must be inhaled daily to control the inflammation present in the bronchi, preventing asthma attacks. Usually these drugs are used for life, but they are well tolerated and the latest ones do not alter cardiac function. See a more complete list of remedies used in asthma .
How to live with asthma Since there is no cure, the person with asthma, in addition to using the medications indicated by the doctor, must also take some care in their day-to-day to keep the symptoms more controlled, such as:
1. Avoid situations that make asthma worse Some environmental factors can trigger an asthma attack, such as perfumes, air fresheners, domestic dust or pet hair, such as dogs and cats. In some cases, strenuous physical exercise can cause an asthma attack, in which case exercise should be avoided until asthma has been properly controlled.
2. Keeping the house clean The asthmatic's home should always be clean and organized, with few surfaces that can accumulate dust and care should be taken especially in the individual's room. The house should be cleaned daily with water and a damp cloth, and aromatic candles, incense sticks, air sprays and cleaning products with an intense smell should be avoided.
One should avoid having carpets, curtains, stuffed animals or thick blankets inside the house that cannot be washed weekly. Despite this, there are several practical solutions to have a clean and comfortable home for asthmatics. See some tips in: How to care for your baby with asthma .
3. Take exams regularly At least once a year, the person with asthma must go to a pulmonologist to assess their breathing capacity and adjust the dose of the medication.
Taking an allergy test is very useful for asthma sufferers because it makes it easier to identify the main precautions to be taken with asthmatics. After identifying the allergens, the doctor can indicate the use of "vaccines for asthma", which consists of a treatment to desensitize the person and in this way he can no longer have certain allergies, facilitating the control of asthma.
4. Do physical exercise To improve breathing it is advisable to exercise regularly. However, physical activity should only be initiated when the disease is well controlled with the use of medicines and there is an indication from the doctor.
To start, one must choose to walk or ride a bicycle because aerobic exercises improve lung function.
It is recommended to use the medicine for asthma control before starting physical activity and at the end of the activity. If you feel short of breath during the exercises, you should decrease the intensity to see if your breathing improves or use the 'asthma inhaler' and rest for 5 minutes until your breathing is controlled, and then return to activity.
5. Have an anti-inflammatory diet Here's how eating can help relieve asthma symptoms:
Signs of asthma improvement The signs of improvement in asthma appear a few weeks after the start of treatment and mainly include a reduction in the frequency of asthma attacks. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment through the use of a small device, called Peak Flow, which checks the value of the respiratory flow, and when it increases it is because the treatment is having an effect.
Signs of worsening asthma Signs of worsening asthma arise when treatment is not being done properly or if you are exposed to allergens, such as dust or animal hair, and include symptoms characteristic of asthma attacks such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, dry cough.
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Learn how to make homemade recipes to treat itchy skin
Home remedies for itching are very easy to prepare, and will effectively alleviate this discomfort, which at times is even hopeless.
We are all attacked by the itch at some point in our life, but scratching the affected area can aggravate the source of the problem, in addition to causing injuries and pain. And we all know that to scratch, just start ...
One of the most common causes is dry skin, but it also occurs through contact with chemicals, sunburn, cold, overexposure to water, or by insect bites, for example.
It can be in one place, or in almost the entire body, and it is usually accompanied by a rash that comes out of small bubbles formed in the affected area.
A very simple way to treat itching is by immersion in warm water, mixed with 2 cups of oatmeal, or with two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar.
Another method is to sprinkle cornstarch, or cornstarch, on the part of the skin that is itchy.
You can also make a cold compress. The compress provides quick relief and reduces itching.
Fresh nettle oil gives good results, or nettle tea. This recipe is indicated mainly for insect bites. To make tea, use a spoonful of dried nettle leaves in a cup of boiling water, leave to infuse for 15 minutes. Drink twice a day.
Soak two handfuls of cabbage leaf in hot water. Leave on for about ten minutes, then apply the leaves directly to the affected area.
Honey and cinnamon powder provide great relief. Mix equal parts and apply to the skin.
Moisten a handful of baking soda with water, and apply it to the area to be treated.
None of these recipes is suitable for more serious conditions, such as eczema, for example.
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Eye irritation, eye allergy
Eye irritation The eye irritation can be caused by eye disease, and conjunctivitis is a major cause of eye irritation, although many others may be in its origin, as we shall see. The eye allergy , whose signs and symptoms are irritation, burning eyes and headache, rash or itching, red eyes or redness and sensitivity to light is one of the main causes of eye irritation. Various substances are capable of causing allergy in the eyeand trigger eye irritation. The use of certain cosmetic or make-up products, chlorine in swimming pools, among many others, are examples of agents that can trigger eye irritation, as we will see in detail later.
The angry eyes are a very common problem, usually accompanied by other signs and symptoms may vary according to the underlying cause and can affect people of both sexes and all age groups. Among the most frequent signs and symptoms is redness and burning in the eyes that can be felt in a more or less intense way, depending on whether we are experiencing slight eye irritation or serious eye irritation.
In relation to laterality, irritation can affect only one eye (left or right) or, then, affect both eyes (bilateral). Often, the burning sensation may initially be felt in only one eye and later affect the other eye due to the possibility of contagion in some cases. See more information on each of the causes for irritated eyes.
Burning eyes Eye irritation is, most of the time, felt with a " burning in the eyes " or " itchy eyes ". Burning in the eyes is often a symptom, described as if there was a " sensation of sand in the eyes " or "burning in the eyes" or as if we were literally experiencing a sensation of " burning eyes " or " burning eyes ".
Eye irritation causes a “ itchy eye ” sensation , often leading people to wrongly “rub or scratch their eyes” with their fingers in an attempt to relieve symptoms.
When we are "scratching the eye" we are making the problem worse. “Scratching the eye” we are stimulating the appearance of chemical substances, which they themselves will stimulate and increase the itching, that is, it is a vicious cycle. On the other hand, there is the possibility of possible contagion in some situations (for example, the infection of one eye passing to the other eye). In addition, the act of "scratching the eyes" is often associated with the causes that lead to a corneal disease called keratoconus . To alleviate the symptoms, we can and must take some measures, however we should never “scratch the eye”. See more information on how to treat and prevent it.
Causes of burning eyes The main causes for eye irritation are:
1. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, a transparent and thin membrane that lines the front of the eyeball (the whites of the eyes) and the inside of the eyelids.
In conjunctivitis, the usual signs and symptoms are irritation and redness of the eyes, itching or "itching", watery eyes and sensitivity to light or photophobia. Normally, the eyelids are red and swollen giving a "puffy eyes" feeling. It is also common to produce secretions or pus, the characteristics of which may vary according to the cause of the conjunctivitis.
Among the causes for conjunctivitis are infections caused by pathogens that are mainly bacteria, but which can also be viruses and fungi.
Conjunctivitis can also be caused by different chemical and physical agents, such as exposure to the sun or intense heat or ultraviolet rays, irritating gases, caustic products, foreign bodies, smoke, among others. In the case where conjunctivitis is caused by a substance capable of producing allergic reactions, we call it allergic conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis is one of the pathologies that most frequently causes eye irritation, however there are many other pathologies that can cause irritated eyes.
2. Eye allergy The eye allergies and eye allergies are immune system responses to a particular substance, which is known as allergen (substances that produce allergic reactions).
We can say in a simplistic way that the immune system is our defense system against aggression. These substances can be, for example, animal hair (cat, dog, etc.), pollen, pollution, smoke, cosmetics or make-up products, among many others. Tobacco smoke, chlorine from the pool and even air, fundamentally, in indoor pools, in addition to the allergens previously presented, are often causes of allergies in the eyes.
Certain substances can more easily circulate on windy days and consequently cause more damage to the eyes.
The clinical manifestation of ocular allergic reactions is allergic conjunctivitis and eyelid allergic reactions or allergy around the eyes ( eyelid allergy ). The symptoms and signs of ocular allergies are irritated, itchy (“itchy”) eyes, watery eyes, burning, hyperemia of the conjunctiva (red eye), chemosis, eyelids with edema or “swollen eyelids” and peeling of the skin of the eyelids. Sometimes, the symptoms of nasal allergy occur simultaneously with that of ocular allergies.
Anyone can develop allergic reactions in the eyes. However, patients suffering from asthma, allergic rhinitis or skin allergies are at an increased risk of triggering eye allergies.
The contact lenses can also irritate the cornea and cause eye irritation. And in the long run, frequent use of contact lenses can cause dry eyes. In turn, the dry eye triggers a set of symptoms ranging from mild to severe in some situations. In addition to the use of contact lenses, dry eye can be caused by many other conditions.
Then find out what the dry eye consists of and know its causes in addition to the intensive use of contact lenses.
To learn how to treat eye allergies, see more information on treatment and prevention.
3. Dry Eye In the dry eye, there is not enough tears produced or the tears, although there are enough, do not have the quality necessary to keep the eyes lubricated.
In dry eye syndrome, as the patient has poor eye lubrication, the eye suffers a kind of aggression when the patient blinks.
The signs and symptoms of dry eye are usually itching or “itchy or itchy eyes”, burning, excessive production of tears (watery eyes), excessive irritation of the eye due to smoke or wind, discomfort and complications when using contact lenses. contact, among others.
Dry eye can occur at any age and in people of both sexes, although the female sex is the most affected. As risk factors for dry eye, we can highlight age, menopause, use of a computer or mobile phone, or other digital devices on a continuous or excessive basis, exposure to air conditioning, use of contact lenses and some medications such as antidepressants, anti -histamines, diuretics, benzodiazepines, analgesics and anticonceptives.
4. Blepharitis Blepharitis is the chronic inflammation of the edge of the eyelids. In blepharitis, in addition to the inflammation of the eyelid, dandruff occurs at the base of the eyelashes, eye pain, red eyes, itching and burning eyes, watery eyes, among others.
The disease can affect only one eyelid (upper or lower), or it can affect both eyelids. Patients with oily skin, dandruff and dry eye are more likely to experience blepharitis.
Blepharitis is usually related to the colonization of the eyelids by bacteria from the normal flora of the skin. It can present itself in several ways, namely: conjunctivitis, dry eye, hordeolus or “stye”, chalazions and in more advanced cases, trichiasis and even corneal ulcers.
In the presence of low environmental humidity, complaints related to dry eye are very common and in cases associated with blepharitis, the symptoms tend to be much more exuberant.
5. Foreign bodies / irritating to eyes A foreign object in the eye may be a piece of dust or sand, a fragment of sawdust, or something larger and more serious. These foreign objects usually cause eye irritation and redness in the eyes, sensitivity to light, excess tears or watery eyes, a feeling that there is something “inside the eye” and in some cases eye pain that can get worse when “blinks the eye". In some cases, a foreign body can cause a corneal ulcer.
A foreign body in the eye requires urgent attention from an eye doctor. The material incorporated in the cornea can, more or less quickly, cause serious eye infection. The ophthalmologist can relatively easily remove the vast majority of foreign bodies in the office. See more information on treatment and prevention.
6. Hordéol ("stye") A hordeolus, commonly known as a "stye" or "stye in the eye" is a palpable abscess, a red, painful lump that forms on the eyelid and is the result of a blockage of one or more sebaceous glands.
In the hordeolus itching or “itchy eyes” is frequent, the eye may be sensitive to light (photophobia) and watery. There is sometimes a foreign body sensation in the eye.
As causes for the appearance of the hordeolus are bacterial infections.
Pterygium Pterygium is a degeneration of the peri-limbic conjunctiva that grows on the surface of the cornea. The pterygium usually grows slowly, and may even stop growing at a certain time. In some cases, the pterygium can grow in such a way that it can cover the pupil and interfere with vision.
In the pterygium, there are usually several signs and symptoms, namely, sensation of foreign body in the eye, eye irritation and itching, burning or burning sensation in the eyes and blurred vision. In the more advanced stages it can cause redness and inflammation in the eye.
The signs and symptoms present in the pterygium vary with the evolution of the disease.
Eye tiredness Eye strain can be caused by a number of eye problems or eye diseases, or it can result only from increased strain on the eye, for example, when reading or when exposed to long periods of reading, when driving for a long time, especially at night , when you work long hours on the computer, etc.
Other signs and symptoms associated with tired eyes, usually appear, such as: headache, burning and redness in the eyes, among others. Dizziness and other disorders are also possible, although much less frequent.
Regarding eye diseases, refractive errors such as myopia , astigmatism , presbyopia and hyperopia can trigger additional strain on the eye system, resulting in tired eyes. Other pathologies can also cause eye strain, such as cataracts , glaucoma , diabetic retinopathy , among many others.
Other causes In addition to the causes previously mentioned, many others may be related to eye irritation.
Next, learn how to treat eye irritation.
Treatment The treatment of eye irritation naturally depends on the underlying cause. The use of topical eye drops (drops) is very common in the treatment of eye irritation, however the treatment should always be prescribed by an ophthalmologist, under the risk that in some situations the problem may worsen. Other treatments or even in some cases surgery may be necessary in order to resolve the underlying problem.
For example, the treatment of conjunctivitis differs depending on its cause. Treatments should be prescribed by an ophthalmologist after a diagnosis of the type of conjunctivitis.
In the case of dry eye, artificial tears can be used in order to lubricate the eye, however, once again it is important to know the cause for dry eye and the treatment should be guided by an ophthalmologist.
In the case of ocular allergies, the use of antihistamines, corticosteroids, artificial tears, among other medications can be used to relieve symptoms. The remedies to be used can be eye drops or systemic medications. An obvious measure is to avoid the allergen that causes the eye allergy and take steps to prevent the problem. See more information on preventing eye allergies.
In the case of eye strain, it may be necessary to correct any eventual refractive error (with glasses, contact lenses, operation), to adopt preventive measures at work such as using a computer or other digital devices such as a cell phone, etc. changing habits, among many others.
Find out, here, all about how to treat and prevent tired eyes.
If you feel something stuck in your eye (foreign object) that is causing irritation, do not try to remove the object by hand. Keep your eye closed as much as possible and see an ophthalmologist immediately.
It is never too much to mention that the treatment for irritated eyes depends on the cause, so a timely and correct diagnosis is essential for an effective treatment.
Actions you should take Despite the consultation with the ophthalmologist, there are some procedures that you can do at home, a kind of " natural or home treatment ", in order to relieve irritation or "itching". Perform the following steps if you experience eye irritation:
Do not "scratch" or "rub" your eyes under any circumstances; If necessary, wash your eyes with saline; In order to reduce or relieve the burning sensation, apply cold sterile water compresses over closed eyes.
Remember that these procedures are not a cure or treatment for the problem, they just allow you to relieve eye pain or discomfort.
Consult your eye doctor urgently if irritation is accompanied by pain in the eyes, changes in vision or sudden loss of vision, perception of "flashes of light", swelling of the eyelids, nausea or vomiting, headache, among other signs and symptoms to value.
How to prevent? There are some attitudes that can help in preventing allergies and eye irritation. Here are some simple daily measures that can help you prevent eye irritation and allergies.
Avoid "rubbing" or "scratching" your eyes;
Make sure to disinfect your contact lenses. If your eyes are dry, talk to your ophthalmologist about the possibility of using a different type of lens, how to use them less often, alternatives like refractive surgery , etc.
Be careful with the eye makeup you choose and do not exchange makeup products or cosmetics with another person;
Do not use eye makeup after 3 to 4 months after the first use;
Avoid exposure to fumes such as tobacco;
Check the humidity inside the house and make sure the air is neither too dry nor too humid;
Always keep a dust-free environment;
Avoid exposure to air conditioning and check their filters;
If you work with the computer for long periods, take frequent breaks in order to "blink your eyes more";
To avoid bacterial and viral infections, wash your hands frequently, especially before inserting and removing contact lenses, and avoid touching your eyes;
Do not share towels or washcloths and wash your sheets and pillowcases frequently;
Wear sunglasses especially on very sunny or windy days;
Wear safety goggles or masks when working with machines or products that require it;
Talk to your doctor about the possibility that some of your medications may be the cause for dry eye;
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According to iqvia data, 12/13/2018
How to use Cerumin to remove ear wax
Cerumin is a remedy that is used to remove excess wax from the ear, and that can be purchased without a prescription, at any pharmacy. Its active ingredients are hydroxyquinoline, which has an antifungal and disinfectant action and trolamine, which helps to soften and dissolve the accumulated wax inside the ears.
To use, Cerumin should be dripped into the ear, about 3 times a day, for the period of time indicated by the doctor.
How it works Cerumin has hydroxyquinoline in its composition, which is an agent with disinfectant action, which also acts as a fungistatic, and trolamine, which is an emulsifier of fats and wax, which helps to remove the cerumen.
How to use About 5 drops of Cerumin should be dripped into the ear, then cover with a piece of cotton wool moistened with the same product. This remedy must be allowed to act for about 5 minutes and, during this period, the person must remain lying down, with the affected ear upwards, for a better performance of the product.
It is advisable to use Cerumin 3 times a day, for the period of time indicated by the doctor.
Who should not use The use of Cerumin is not indicated in case of ear infection, which generates symptoms such as earache, fever and bad smell in the region, especially if you have pus.
In addition, it is also not indicated for pregnant women or for people who have suffered an allergic reaction when using this product previously or in case of perforation of the eardrum. Learn how to identify a perforation in the eardrum .
Possible side effects After using Cerumin and removing excess wax from the ears, it is common to experience symptoms such as mild redness and itching in the ear, but if these symptoms become very intense or if others appear, you should immediately go to the doctor.
