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Step by step to remove yellow soles from shoes

Over time, it is normal that the soles of our white mushrooms tend to turn yellow, this is due to exposure to the sun and the natural aging of the material.

However, this does not mean that you have to discard them, since there are several home tricks that can remedy this problem. Here are tricks for you to put into practice, so take note.

Coarse salt: Its properties help to eliminate any type of dirt adhered to the material, for this you will need: ½ cup of coarse salt, soap or detergent and a brush.

With the help of the (dry) brush, begin to remove the excess dirt that the shoes have. Then wash the tennis shoes normally, but before rinsing them rub the coarse salt all over the shoes and leave for an hour. After time, rinse with cold water and let them dry out of the sun.

Salt and milk: This combination is a good alternative as it helps remove all stains from shoes. For this homemade recipe you will need: ½ cup of coarse salt, a liter of milk, ½ liter of water and soap or detergent.

Take a container big enough for the shoes to fit in, and pour in the milk, water, and coarse salt. Soak the shoes and let them soak for three hours. After time, take the brush and rub them to remove the dirt. Then wash them with soap and cold water.

Toothpaste: It is one of the most common solutions, as they help clean rubber surfaces. You only need a toothbrush, toothpaste and a damp cloth.

Toothpaste is a good solution to clean the white gums on the sole or those shoes that are made with leather material.

Take the toothbrush and wet it with water and put a little toothpaste, rub it on the affected areas of the shoe. This will generate a foam where the remains of dirt will come out. When you finish cleaning them, just wash them and let them dry out of the sun.

Baking soda and white vinegar: Both ingredients are natural bleaches, these are used to whiten fabrics, surfaces and footwear. For this you will need: ½ cup of white vinegar, ¼ cup of baking soda and a brush.

Mix the bicarbonate and vinegar, when the foam goes down, submerge the brush and start to pass it over the shoes. Leave this combination to act for half an hour and then rinse.

Ammonia and dish detergent: The properties of both products are effective in removing stains. For this you should have: 1 teaspoon of ammonia, 1 tablespoon of detergent, 2 liters of warm water, 1 tablespoon of baking soda (optional) and a brush.

First remove the remains of dirt with the help of the brush. Then dilute the ammonia and the soap in the two liters of water. Dip the shoes and let them soak for an hour. When the time has passed, you just have to wash them. If there are still some stains rub in a little baking soda after soaking.

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How to clean the sole of shoes

Cleaning shoe sole: what you need to know
Normally, the sole of rubber shoes tends to get dirty and, if it is white, it can turn yellow over time. Don't worry, there are some very good home cleaning tips that you can try to clean the sole of your shoes. The first thing you have to do before you start cleaning the stains on the rubber soles of your shoes is to remove the dust. Using a clothing brush, brush the entirety of the rubber sole to remove any stuck dirt and dust. Then start treating the spot stains.

How to clean the rubber sole of shoes

Here are some tips to clean the sole of rubber shoes with homemade methods:

Toothpaste
Dampen a toothbrush with a little water, add toothpaste to it, and rub the soles of your shoes. You will notice that a foam begins to form and the dirt disappears. Lastly, clean with a damp cloth.

Vinegar and baking soda
Make a paste by mixing 1 cup of white vinegar and ½ cup of baking soda. With the help of a toothbrush, pass this paste over the stains and rub gently. Rinse with a damp cloth and you're done.

Soap and water
This solution is the most common to clean the sole of rubber shoes. Mix two cups of warm water with ¼ cup of laundry soap (it can be liquid or powder). Using a cotton cloth, spread the soap and water over the rubber of the shoes and the stains will come off easily.

Eraser
Do you have black spots on the white rubber sole of your sneakers? Just erase them with an eraser and they will disappear instantly.

Alcohol or nail polish remover
These two products are very good at removing pen stains from the white rubber sole. You only need to moisten a little cotton with alcohol or nail polish remover and rub the stains on the rubber sole.

How to clean the white sole of shoes
Now you know, there are many homemade solutions to clean rubber shoe soles, but there is a product that works very well, especially when we want to clean the white soles of shoes or sneakers. Trust  Cif Cream , because it has microparticles that remove even the most stubborn dirt and take care of all types of surfaces with minimal effort.

We hope these tips on how to clean white shoe and rubber soles have helped you, and that you can put them into practice!

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HOW TO CLEAN THE SOLES OF YOUR TENNIS SHOES

Few shoe lovers have been able to avoid falling into the temptation of one of the star trends of recent seasons, white sneakers. Sneakers fit well in practically any look, we have seen infinite very successful outfits to all the influencers, both national and international, from Paula Echevarría or Sara Carbonero, through Chiara Ferragni or Kim Kardashian.

But like everything in life, there is always a but, in this case, unfortunately sports shoes with light colors or with a white sole tend to get dirty too easily. When we release them they look very cute, but as we use them, they begin to lose their original white.

As we know that it is a question that you always ask yourself, from Zona Zero Tendencies we have developed a series of tips so that your sneakers always look in perfect condition.



Here are our tricks to make your sneakers show off their original nuclear target again:

First of all, before using any of the tricks that we are going to tell you, remove the laces and put them in a container with soap and water. Rub the dirtiest parts of the shoelaces with the soap and after letting them soak for a while, remove the soap and leave them in the sun to make them whiter.

1. Toothpaste

Incredible but true, in addition to helping to whiten teeth, it is also very useful for cleaning tennis shoes.

Dampen a soft bristle brush in soap and water and then rub the tennis shoes, when you are done, remove the soap residue with a cloth and begin to rub the toothpaste on the sneakers with the brush. Let the toothpaste work for a few minutes and clean the tennis shoes with a damp cloth.

In a short time, and without much effort, the toothpaste will help you whiten them in an amazing way.

2. VASELINE

Vaseline is very useful if you are looking to clean rubber soles. Smear a rag with petroleum jelly and rub directly onto the stain. You will see how all the black dirt on the sole will disappear!

3. BAKING SODA

Due to its properties, bicarbonate is used as a natural detergent. Helps remove dirt and eliminates odor-causing bacteria.

It is very easy to use, moisten the baking soda with a little water, until you get a thick paste. Rub it on the fabric footwear with the help of a brush and let it rest for 5 minutes. Rinse and dry in the sun.

4. CORN FLOUR

Too easy! If the sports shoes are very dirty, it is convenient to soak them with water and a little ammonia. If not, it can be done directly with the shoe wet. You just have to smear the entire shoe with the cornmeal and let it dry. When it is dry, you rub it with a brush to remove the remains and that's it.

5. LEMON

Due to its acidity, it is useful to fight against stains in general and specifically against greasy ones . Scoop some lemon juice on the stain before washing your tennis shoes. If you want to boost the power of the lemon, mix it with baking soda until it forms a paste. Leave on for half an hour and rinse them.

6. "NO" TO THE WASHING MACHINE

We know that there are times when the only alternative seems to put them in the washing machine, but trust us, it is not a good idea, even with a gentle program for delicates.

Washing machines damage shoes, and not only during spinning, they could also be damaged by fading of colored elements such as labels or tabs. In addition, hot water contributes to the deterioration of tissues (in most cases turning them into yellowish tones). Where there is no risk is in the laces, the only thing that is advisable to wash separately in the washing machine.

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Measure the temperature in the nursery

Controlling the child's body and environmental temperature is basic to understand what is happening to him and how things affect him. Precisely for this reason, today on the blog for babies , we offer some advice about how we should measure and why the temperature of the child.

• In order for the baby to be properly covered at night and dressed as appropriate during the day, the temperature of the room must be known, for which a thermometer must be placed on an interior wall at bed height , that is, approximately at 90 cm from the ground.
• Do not stand near the heating source if there is one. The baby's clothes and garments should be used according to the temperature of the crib or the place where he sleeps , which should be kept uniform in cold weather.

A young baby , less than 3 months, needs a warmer room than a larger or more robust one, therefore, the parents must be in charge of favoring all the conditions for the baby.

Especially in the first weeks of life the room temperature should be 21 to 24 ° C day and night, while for older and stronger children during the day it can be 20 to 21 °, and at night 12.8 to 15.5 ° C.

Protect the creature by means of screens or screens against cold drafts. The temperature and humidity of the room should be kept as uniform as possible. Oil or electric heaters are convenient for quickly providing temporary heat.

Do not use a gas heater in a child's room unless there is no other way to heat it quickly, as there is a danger that it will leak and emit poisonous fumes that are very dangerous; a slight leak day after day can make anyone seriously ill and exposed to breathing the fumes.

In the summer, when it is very hot, the baby should be kept in the coolest part of the house or on the veranda by wearing only very light clothing, such as a sleeveless shirt and a diaper, or even a diaper alone.

How to measure the ambient temperature

Ambient temperature is the range of air temperatures that people prefer when they are indoors. Measuring it is really very simple. To do this, you can use a thermometer placed in the center of the room to see a reading, or even download an application on your Smartphone.

Method 1 Read a thermometer

1
Choose a digital thermometer to see an accurate reading. Electronic or digital thermometers may be more expensive than others, but they provide a faster reading and a more accurate temperature. They also react faster to changes in temperature than other types of thermometers, thus allowing for greater accuracy in readings. [1]

• Some digital thermometers can store temperature readings so that you can compare the ambient temperature over time to see how it changes.

2
Use a glass thermometer to see an approximate reading. These thermometers use a glass tube filled with a liquid to measure temperature. As the air around the thermometer heats up, the liquid rises up the tube and can be used to read a fairly accurate measurement of the ambient temperature.

• Use a glass thermometer that does not contain mercury. Mercury is highly toxic and can be dangerous if the thermometer breaks.[two]
• Glass thermometers are also known as a bulb thermometer or liquid-in-glass thermometer.

3
Use a bimetallic thermometer for an easy reading. Bimetallic or dial thermometers have a metal pointer that goes up or down on a circular scale to indicate temperature. These thermometers use a strip of metal that expands and bends as the temperature increases. As this strip expands or contracts, it moves the pointer on the scale. The large pointer arrow makes it easy to check the room temperature. [3]

• Keep in mind that bimetallic thermometers are not as accurate as digital ones.

4
Place the thermometer in the center of the room. Regardless of the type of thermometer you use, you should place it in the center of the room within 2 feet (60 cm) of the floor to read an accurate measurement of the room temperature. If you put it on a wall, you could read inaccurate measurements because the heat from them can distort the reading. [4]

• Place the thermometer on a table or stool so that the temperature of the floor does not affect the reading.

Tip: Make sure there is no heat source near the thermometer.


5
Wait about 5 minutes for the thermometer to adjust to the room. Before checking the temperature, allow the thermometer to adjust to the room. Thermometers, particularly bimetallic and glass thermometers, need a few minutes to indicate an accurate reading of room temperature.

• Don't hold the thermometer or stand directly next to it, as your body heat could affect the temperature reading. [5]

6
Check the temperature on the thermometer. After placing the thermometer in the center of the room and waiting a few minutes for it to adjust, you can check the temperature reading to measure the room temperature. A typical room temperature is between 21 and 24 ° C (70 and 75 ° F). [6]

• A digital thermometer will show the temperature on the screen and it will be the most accurate.
• If you are using a glass thermometer, read the numbers next to the top of the liquid to measure the temperature.
• If you are using a bimetallic thermometer, look at the number the arrow points to to measure the temperature.

Method 2 Use a smartphone

1
Download a thermometer app on your smartphone. Many smartphones have sensors capable of monitoring the temperature of the device. You can download an app that uses sensors to read a room temperature. Open your phone's App Store and find a thermometer app to download. [7]

• Head over to the App Store to download a thermometer app on your iPhone .
• Use the Google Play Store to download an application on your Android .
• Among the most popular applications are My Thermometer, Smart Thermometer and iThermonitor.

2
Open the app. After downloading the app, locate it on your phone screen and tap it to open it. After opening it, you will probably have to wait a few minutes for the app to update.

• Before opening the application, you must first wait until it has completely downloaded.

3
Select the type of reading to measure the ambient temperature. Depending on the application you use, you will have different temperature readings to choose from. Some apps allow you to check the temperature of the phone's battery or the outside temperature based on weather data. Choose the room temperature reading to measure the temperature around you. [8]

Tip: ' Most applications allow you to choose between Celsius and Fahrenheit readings, but you can also convert measurements from Fahrenheit to Celsius or vice versa.

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How to measure the temperature of a room?

Whether in winter or summer, the temperature of the room where you sleep is essential to have a good night's sleep. And is that, if it is too high or too low, not sleeping well will affect the day to day physically and mentally.

That is why it is essential to find a way to measure the temperature of the rooms, even the whole house. And it is that depending on how your home is, you will have felt that in some rooms it is better than in others. So, with the right tool, you may even consider sleeping in another room.

Having controlled not only the temperature, but also the humidity of your home, facilitates the prevention of diseases and the appearance of mold. The combination of both can make your furniture age faster, even if you have respiratory problems.

So what is the best method to measure the temperature of a room? And of the whole house? Already on, why not from the garden?

Weather stations: the best solution

Weather stations are the ideal solution to have an easy and simple control of the temperature and humidity of your home. With them you can have a comfortable and precise tool without the need to invest too much or put mercury thermometers in all your rooms

But not only that, but thanks to technological advances you can find weather stations that can measure the barometric pressure, the direction and strength of the wind and even UV rays. These digital tools also offer you forecasts with more or less success, depending on the data collected.

And for that you don't need to have a hulk with a lot of measuring gadgets. With just a small station that fits in both hands you have more than enough.

In general, weather stations are made up of a central station and one or more remote sensors, allowing you to know all the information about the house with a simple glance at your screen. Or even from your mobile, if you have one of the fantastic featured models of Wi-Fi weather stations.

By installing a compatible app, you will be able to know what the weather is like at home from the comfort of your work; know how the room where your children sleep is located and know the most comfortable place when temperatures rise or fall too low.

How to choose the right model?

You will find a great variety of models of weather stations. From very simple stations that collect basic information to some much more complex that will need an installation in conditions outside. If you are interested in acquiring a weather station, we recommend that you take a look at this website , as they offer different buying guides that will be very useful.

In short, the fundamental thing is that the station you choose is capable of transmitting the ambient data comfortably, that is, via mobile. And for this the best are the wi-fi weather stations. If you are looking to buy a bluetooth or wi-fi weather station, one of the most interesting and complete is the one offered by Netatmo. Its design is elegant, with an interior sensor and an exterior sensor, it has great connectivity and you can check everything through your mobile. It will undoubtedly be a tool that will change your life.

The mobile battery allows you to know the indoor temperature in real time

Modern smartphones have a sensor that measures the temperature of the phone's lithium battery to prevent it from overheating, which can be dangerous.

The increase in battery temperature can be due to environmental conditions, intensive use of the phone, or it can increase in areas with less coverage, where the processor constantly works to search for the signal and maintain the connection with the mobile network.

In fact, it is not strange that a phone goes into low power mode - for example, lowering the brightness of the screen or reducing its performance - when they detect an increase in its temperature.

Correlation between ambient and mobile temperature

Taking advantage of this data, Dutch researchers are determining how to measure the ambient temperature from the temperature of the mobile . Both data are not similar, since the temperature of the battery of a phone even at rest is somewhat higher than the ambient temperature.

However, the researchers have managed to determine a strong correlation between the ambient temperature and the temperature of the mobile battery when a sufficient amount of this data is processed, when it is obtained from a large enough user base.

To develop the calculation algorithm, the researchers obtained the battery temperature data from the information sent by thousands of phones that make use of the OpenSignal application , a collaborative service that determines the presence and intensity of battery signals. wifi and mobile phone worldwide and shows data on local coverage maps.

It is estimated that the applicationOpenSignal captures up to a million of these readings every day from about 150,000 Android phones, although at the moment the researchers are working with measurements from only a dozen cities.

Know the temperature accurately

Measuring the temperature in a distributed way in the interior of cities offers more reliable data that is also constantly updated , almost in real time and unlike what happens if only the data obtained by fixed weather stations are considered.

These have a much smaller number and in most cases outside the city centers whose data is also updated much less frequently.

"Knowing precisely the temperature of the city is especially important due to the 'island effect' produced by urban heat. Basically the center of a city tends to be warmer than its surroundings due to the presence of materials that absorb heat such as asphalt, cement and buildings, among other things this represents an increased risk - even death - for a part of the population, especially among the very young and the elderly, "they explain in Inside Science .

To determine the correct relationship,the algorithm must consider the heat transfer from the user's body to the phone and the ambient temperature , especially in summer.

It even varies from one phone to another depending on its construction -material and insulating capacity- and efficiency -the heat dissipated during its operation. The system must also consider the seasons of the year, and in theory it must also distinguish when a telephone is outside or inside and if it is day or night.

However, according to the researchers, when buying the data obtained with their algorithm and the real measurements abroad - obtained from the information provided by the airports in these cities - they observed that, in the worst case, the variation was barely 1.5 degree, which has merit considering that differences between battery temperature and 'real' ambient temperature can multiply that difference tenfold .

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Is it possible to measure indoor temperature with a telephone?

The mobile phones we buy today have  temperature and humidity control sensors . Normally, the device, through software, makes use of them to control the overheating of the same.

What you don't know is that we can give it a totally different use. In a simple way such as installing an application, you can  measure the ambient temperature with your mobile.

At the end of the post, I leave you a series of free applications, which will use the internal thermometer of your  smartphone , to show you the  interior temperature of your house . In addition, they will use the Internet to detect the outer degrees and that you can make a comparison.


As you have probably wondered how it is possible that your phone is able to detect the temperature that is right now in your room, I am going to explain the three ways that are currently used:

1. Internal humidity and temperature sensors:  Since almost the manufacture of the first smartphones, companies have introduced these  sensors  to monitor the proper functioning of the device. They are generally used to detect the entry of water and / or the heating of some of the components, such as the processor.
2. Battery temperature control:  It is the least reliable of them, since it is a  battery's own sensor . When there is an increase in the degrees in the battery, it can be due to: an increase in the ambient temperature, an increase in the active processes in the phone or even the load itself.
3. Internet:  It is the  fastest method , and therefore not very precise. It is based on an estimate of the outside temperature and using algorithmic calculations to remove the inside.

As I think it is logical, and I hope you have reached the same conclusion, we are going to download applications that make use of the internal sensors dedicated to them. Let's go to point 1.

Apps to measure indoor humidity and temperature

Here are two of the most downloaded applications from the Google Play Store. However, here is a link  with more thermometer applications .

• Thermometer - Intelillgent System : Uses the built-in sensors to detect the ambient temperature and the Internet to detect the outside. In a very simple interface, you will be able to see the real difference between your room and the outside.
• Thermometer - Mobital :  I like this one more, since it is more complete than the previous one. It allows you to carry out calibrations, and also play with changes in ºC and ºF and give you information about the weather.

As you can see, it is possible to measure the ambient temperature with your mobile. With a few simple applications, get very precise data thanks to the sensors incorporated in your smartphone.

What is the best room temperature?

To live in a comfortable home it is necessary to maintain an optimal room temperature. We explain how to get it.
There is a lot of talk about what is the  best room temperature to live. And we think that it is necessary to know it so as not to abuse energy and not to put, for example, the heating higher than we really need. At  Healthy Housing  we want to clarify this issue in the simplest way.

Best room temperature

The most comfortable temperature for humans in a resting state is between 18º and 20ºC. If you are working, the figure drops to the interval between 15º and 18ºC, depending on the type of movement and the intensity with which it is performed.

To get an idea, we can compare man to a stove whose fuel is food. Specifically, a 70kg man is equivalent to a stove that generates 105 Kilocalories every hour, an amount that is enough to boil 25 liters of water. This is the reason why when we are many in a room the temperature rises. Each person who enters is like putting one more stove.

The best way to heat a room is to install moderate heat sources in the coldest areas. Be careful with the temperature of the heat source, if it is higher than 70ºC, dry mouth and mucous membranes occur. Also raising the temperature too much is not energy efficient. For this reason steam heaters and iron stoves are not particularly suitable inside homes.

Ways to improve the room temperature

A concept associated with the best ambient temperature is that of air humidity. A pleasant environment should have a relative humidity of 50-60% and between 40% and 70% is considered acceptable. An environment that is too humid favors the development of harmful germs and fungi.

Of course each person contributes with their breathing to increase humidity. Let us bear in mind that man inspires oxygen with the air and releases carbon dioxide and water vapor in an amount that varies according to weight, age, diet or activity. Since carbon dioxide is toxic, proper ventilation is necessary .

Plants  can be a way of balancing the humidity of the environment in humid environments, and they also help us improve the quality of the air in our home, since they absorb the CO2 that we expel and release oxygen. In this way we achieve cleaner and purer air inside the house.

On the other hand, today there are systems capable of controlling the temperature, and sometimes even the humidity of the environment, while optimizing the energy consumed. Some of the most popular examples are underfloor heating or blue heat.

Avoid heat losses

Finally, to maintain a stable and correct temperature, we must not only choose the heat sources correctly but also make sure that this heat is kept inside the house. The changes in temperature from one room to another that usually occur in poorly insulated environments are one of the main causes of cooling and expose the body to alterations that prevent us from maintaining a comfortable temperature.

To avoid these heat losses, it is essential that both walls and exterior enclosures such as doors and windows are  adequately insulated . In this sense, windows are usually the weakest point in the house, poorly installed or poor quality windows can cause large heat losses, which means a significant increase in the expense necessary to heat the house. We leave you with a recommendation: when in doubt, if we are looking for good insulation, it is always better to choose windows that are not sliding, if possible made of PVC and with double glazing, in this way you ensure a correct insulation that you will notice on the bill of heating at the end of the month.

Mosthink LED Plant Grow Light Strips Full Spectrum for Indoor Plants with Auto ON / Off Timer, 48 LEDs / 4 Dimmable Levels, Sunlike Grow Lamp for Hydroponics Succulent, Two Pack

 Mosthink LED Plant Grow Light Strips Full Spectrum for Indoor Plants with Auto ON / Off Timer, 48 LEDs / 4 Dimmable Levels, Sunlike Grow Lamp for Hydroponics Succulent, Two Pack

•     Full spectrum grow light - It emits all the wavelengths from 380nm to 800nm – just like natural sunlight. It has proven effective at promoting indoor growth as it accelerates photosynthesis. SAVE YOUR DARK INDOOR PLANTS with IT ! (50,000 hours lifetime.)
•     Auto Turn On / Off Timer Everyday - This led grow light strips can be set up to turn off after 2H/ 4H/ 8H. After you set up the hours, do not manually turn off the light or cut off the power supply, the light will automatically turn on at the same time the next day- TAKE CARE OF YOUR PLANTS EVERY DAY
•     Bright Grow Light with 4 Adjustable Brightness Levels - 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% - to meet each plant's lighting requirements at different stages .2x 7.5W & 48 LED chips, just put out enough luminosity for all stage of plant growth without worrying about burning your plant
•     Easy & Flexible Installation -The grow light bar pack comes with screws and a double-sided tape (pls cut into 2 pieces when applied). Compact design fits for various fixtures and surfaces. The power cord is 78 inches long for easy using in office,indoor,plant shelf,greenhouse etc
•     Safe for Indoor Plants & Wide Application - Sunlike growing lamp safe and healthy for your plants growing with FCC, CE, ROHS PSE Certified! The grow lamp is convenient for a number of potted landscape and indoor garden plants, such as Succulents, Flower, Seeds, Basil, Rosemary, Daffodils, Plumeria, Aloe, Orchids, Thyme, Cucumbers, Tomatoes, Peppers etc

Visually and biologically effective lighting for indoor plants

The integration of plants in workspaces and rooms requires a special lighting approach
What are the challenges involved in making appropriate lighting for ornamental plants indoors? Dr. Karolina Zielinska, with the collaboration of Julia Hartmann and Carla Sigillo, raises in her work LED Light Sources and Their Complex Set-Up for Visually and Biologically Effective Illumination for Ornamental Indoor , the essential points around the subject through a practical case based on the analysis of the existing bibliography, and of photographic evaluations of plants under different sources of LED light, in which properties such as correlated color temperature (TCC), color rendering index (CRI) are measured , color spectral distribution (DEC), maximum wavelength of light (λP), among others.

Karolina M. Zielinska Dabkowska is a RIBA accredited architect and award-winning lighting designer. She is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Architecture, Gdansk Technical University in Poland; and co-founder of GUT LightLab, where she leads a research team focused on various aspects of light and lighting in the construction of environments. Karolina actively participates in the work of international organizations, such as the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD), Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), and the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA), where it offers a guide towards a better practice of night lighting in public spaces and natural environments. Likewise, he has participated in numerous international conferences and has collaborated in national and international publications.

As a background to this analysis, Karolina Zielinska explains the integration of plants in work spaces and bedrooms, a practice that has been increasing in recent decades -called biophilia-, and has led to a growing interest on the part of researchers and professionals in different areas of architecture, with which multiple interpretations arise today about its meaning, as well as its applications in the generation of green and healthier environments for the user.



In accordance with this trend, argues the Polish academic, a philosophy of green architecture must involve an approach that can minimize negative environmental impacts - this through the correct application of sustainable energy sources, materials, and materials. construction processes of these spaces.

In this sense, there are numerous certification programs and standards that have been established to measure and verify that certain criteria for responsible construction and design are met; but there is still a lag in terms of the regulation of requirements for natural or artificial lighting for indoor plants -the latter are even non-existent-, a situation that contrasts with the interest that has been given to the practice of lighting in cases of commercial cultivation of plants for consumption (fruits and vegetables).

Resolving this deficiency and providing lighting that is appropriate for indoor plants requires taking into account factors such as the impact of wavelengths in the light spectrum on processes such as photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and photoperiod, the study states. As is known, both natural light and artificial light affect the life cycle of plants; but, while the need for UV light from plants is an accepted fact, its use indoors is not frequent due to the negative effects it can cause in man, such as premature aging, burns, among others.

Despite the widespread use of specific lighting in horticulture - with the purpose of stimulating plant growth times - recent studies have confirmed that wavelengths in the green light range (497-570 nm) can penetrate more deeply in the leaves, and consequently favor the photosynthesis process.

Therefore, an optimal visual perception of decorative indoor plants should simulate natural lighting conditions; But, also considering that the effect of the lighting quality seems to be different for each species (especially during the growth phases), in the case of decorative indoor plants, if they grew only under artificial lighting conditions, they would be compromised. their appearance and biological functions, so it would be necessary to consider the evolutionary arrangement of certain plants and replicate as far as possible the appropriate characteristics within the spectrum of solar radiation through LED technology.

So artificial light or natural light for indoor ornamental plants?

As Dr. Zielinska maintains in her work, natural lighting is the most favorable for plant growth, as it is a source that provides both energy and the ideal spectral range; Unfortunately, illuminating an interior space with this type of light turns out to be a challenge due to several factors, since to the extent that plants complement an interior space, it is also necessary to balance lighting and the use of space to optimize the positive impact of light on plants and users.

The light distribution, direction, and vertical and horizontal lighting levels have a significant influence on the way architecture is perceived by humans, so the introduction of sustainable green architecture designs can become especially beneficial in design solutions.

In addition to this, most LED devices illuminate without generating heat and this results in a benefit for both plants and humans, but both respond differently to intensity, or light energy.

Based on these notions, the researcher seeks to emphasize the imperative of finding a formula that establishes the appropriate levels for both species, but also to understand that units such as lux or lumens cannot be used in the first place to measure intensity. of lighting systems for plants, because the values ​​vary and depend on the spectrum of the luminaire, because in interior spaces, to stimulate the natural processes of a plant, the flux density of photosynthetic photons must be measured, which it is normally between 30 and 100 times higher than that required by humans, and it is also necessary to implement light sources that emit the correct wavelength.

On the other hand, for humans, factors such as visibility, visual performance and comfort must be considered, which are categorized based on visual function and use of space. These levels are determined from the perception of the brightness of visible white light, to increase the growth of plants in indoor environments it is necessary to first evaluate the intensity of light using appropriate metrics and meters, and only then to alternate it according to specific needs.

Despite the technical challenges, LED lighting is established as the preferred solution for lighting interiors, since when combined with an appropriate control system it offers enough flexibility to regulate the spectral composition, as well as to select an emission in the peaks of wave range more suitable for the correct development of ornamental plants.

As the academic concludes in her article LED Light Sources and Their Complex Set-Up for Visually and Biologically Effective Illumination for Ornamental Indoor,  published on the academic portal Sustainability.  It is then that, from this type of research work, the need for professional practice and a guide in the implementation and development of lighting sources for indoor plants can be based, and in this way contribute to the search for improvements. in the area of ​​green architecture and biophilic design.