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How to measure glucose in the blood

People with diabetes try to keep their blood glucose (sugar) level as close to normal as possible. Keeping your blood glucose level within the desired range can help prevent or delay the onset of diabetes complications, such as nerve, eye, kidney, and vascular damage.

Once you discover that you have diabetes, you and your doctor make a plan for your diabetes care. The goal of the plan is to balance the foods you eat, the exercises you do, and possibly the medications you take to treat diabetes (pills or insulin).

There are two kinds of checks to help you see how your plan is working. They are blood glucose controls and urine ketones controls.

Checks for monitoring blood glucose
Glucose monitoring is the main tool that we have to control diabetes. With this control, you can know your blood glucose level at any time. It is essential to keep a record of the results. When you review this record with your doctor, you will have a better idea of ​​how your body responds to your diabetes care plan. Blood glucose checks let you know what works and what doesn't. With that information, you and your doctor, dietitian, or diabetes educator can make the necessary changes.

Glycemic control
A1C:  <7.0%

• Pre-prandial glucose (fasting): 70-130 mg / dl (5.0-7.2 mmol / l)
• Post-prandial glucose (after eating):  <180 mg / dl (<10.0 mmol / l)
• Blood pressure:  <130/80 mmHg

Lipids

• LDL cholesterol:  <100 mg / dl (<2.6 mmol / l)
• Triglycerides:  <150 mg / dl (<1.7 mmol / l)
• HDL cholesterol:  > 40 mg / dl (> 1.1 mmol / l)

 

Who should carry out the checks?
Experts say that everyone with diabetes can benefit from measuring their blood glucose level. The American Diabetes Association recommends blood glucose monitoring if you have diabetes and if:

• You need insulin or take diabetes pills
• You are undergoing intensive insulin therapy
• Are pregnant
• Finding it very difficult to measure blood glucose levels
• Have blood glucose levels that are too low or have ketones due to high blood glucose levels
• You have low blood glucose levels but without the usual warning signs

Urine checks
Urine glucose tests are not as accurate as blood glucose tests. Urine glucose monitoring is not recommended unless blood glucose monitoring is impossible.

Testing your urine for ketones is different. That control is important when diabetes is out of control or when the person is sick. Moderate or large amounts of ketones can be detected in the urine when the body burns fat instead of glucose for food. This happens when there is very little insulin in the body. Everyone with diabetes needs to know how to check their urine for ketones.

How is glucose in the blood measured?
Your finger must be pricked with a special needle called a lancet to remove a drop of blood. With some gauges, you can also use your forearm, thigh, or a fleshy part of your hand. There are devices equipped with spring loaded lancets to make drawing blood less painful. Before using the lancet, wash your hands or the area chosen to draw blood with soap and water. If you use the fingertip, insert the needle into the area of ​​the fingertip closest to the nail to avoid pain in the part of the finger that you use most frequently.

How to control with a glucose meter?
Blood glucose meters (or glucometers) are small computerized devices that "read" glucose in the blood. On all meters, the blood glucose level appears as numbers on a screen (just like on a pocket calculator). Consult with your doctor or diabetes educator to teach you how to use the meter correctly. With all the advancements in blood glucose meters, using a glucometer is better than visual monitoring.

How to choose a glucometer?
There are many glucometers to choose from. There are glucometers for people with vision problems. Others include memory so you can save the results to the meter itself. The American Diabetes Association does not endorse or recommend any particular glucometer. If you plan to buy one, here are some questions to help you with your selection:

• Which glucometer does your doctor or diabetes educator prefer? Perhaps there are some in particular that they use more often and know better.
• How much does a glucometer cost? Some insurance companies only pay for certain models of glucometers. Before purchasing a meter, contact your insurance company and find out how to get a meter and supplies. If your insurance company does not cover glucose monitoring supplies, you can often get them at a discount at the place where the meter is purchased. In addition, you must also take into account the cost of the corresponding test strips and lancets. Check prices.
• Is it easy to use the glucometer? The methods differ. Some have fewer steps than others.
• Is it easy to maintain the glucometer? Is it easy to clean? How is the meter calibrated? That is, how do you properly fit the batch of test strips you are using?

How do I measure my blood glucose?

After washing your hands, insert the test strip into your meter.
Prick the side of your fingertip to get a drop of blood.
Touch and hold the tip of the test strip on the drop of blood, wait for the results.
Your blood glucose level will appear on the meter.

To avoid errors or bad measurements. Here is a list of problems that can cause the meter to read incorrectly:

• A dirty meter
• A meter or test strip that is not at room temperature
• Expired test strips
• An uncalibrated meter (that is, one that was not programmed to fit the test strip container in use)
• A drop of blood too small
• Check with your doctor to see if you are using the meter correctly, at least once a year. Over time, mistakes can be made.

How to record the results?
After you finish testing your blood glucose, write down the results and use them to see how diet, physical activity, and stress affect your blood glucose levels. Pay particular attention when checking your blood glucose log to see if the level is too high or too low for several days in a row and around the same time. If that situation recurs, it may be time to change the plan. Check with your doctor or diabetes educator to find out what the results mean for you. That takes time. Check with your doctor or nurse if you should immediately contact by phone, in case the recorded results are not within the desired parameters.

Be aware that blood glucose results often provoke strong emotions. Your blood glucose results can make you feel upset, confused, frustrated, angry, or depressed. It is common to be tempted to use the results to judge yourself. Remember that your blood glucose level is one way to see how your diabetes care plan is working. It is not an opinion about you as a person. The results will likely indicate that you need a change in your diabetes care plan.

How to detect ketones?
From time to time, you may need to test your urine for ketones. Ketones in the urine are an indication that the body is using fat for energy instead of glucose, because it does not have enough insulin to use glucose for energy. The presence of ketones in the urine is more common in type 1 diabetes.

Urinalysis is easy, but to get reliable results, you must follow the instructions carefully. Check that the test strip is not expired. Read the leaflet that came with the test strips. Go over the correct way again with your doctor or nurse.

The following is how most urine tests are done:

Place a urine sample in a clean container
Put the test strip in the sample (or you can put the test strip directly under the urine stream)
Gently remove excess urine from the test strip
Wait until the absorbent device on the test strip changes color. The instructions specify how long to wait
Compare the absorbent device on the test strip with the color chart on the test strip vial. This will give you a parameter of the amount of ketones in your urine
Take note of the results

What do those results mean?
If trace amounts or small amounts of ketones are detected, it may be the beginning of ketone build-up. In that case, wait a few hours and repeat the test. Large or moderate amounts are a sign of danger. Ketones alter the chemical balance of the blood and can poison the body. Never do physical activity if your urine tests detect moderate or large amounts of ketones and your blood glucose is high. Those are signs that diabetes is out of control. If your urinalysis results show moderate or large amounts of ketones, see your doctor immediately.

It is important that you keep a record of the results and related episodes. The logbook provides the information that you, your doctor, and your diabetes educator need to tailor your diabetes care plan to your needs.

When to perform the analysis?
Check with your doctor or nurse about when to check your urine. Your doctor will likely advise you to test your urine for ketones when:

• Blood glucose level is above 300 mg / dl
• Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
• You are sick (for example, you have a cold or the flu)
• It feels continuously
• Thirsty or very dry mouth
• Has red skin
• Difficulty breathing
• Your breath smells "fruity"
• You feel confused or "groggy"

Check with your doctor as these can be signs of high ketone levels.

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Test for ketones in urine

What is the urine ketones test?
This test measures ketone levels in the urine. Normally, the body burns glucose (sugar) for energy. If the cells don't get enough glucose, the body burns fat for energy. This produces a substance called ketone, which can appear in the blood and urine. High levels of ketones in the urine can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can cause coma and even death. Testing for ketones in urine can help you get treatment before you have a medical emergency.

Other names: urine ketone test, urinary ketones, ketone bodies, urine ketone test, ketone test, urine ketone test

For what do you use it?
The test is often used to monitor people at high risk for ketones. This includes people with type 1 or  type 2 diabetes . If you have diabetes , ketones in your urine could indicate that you are not getting enough insulin. If you don't have diabetes, you could be at risk for ketones if:

• You have chronic vomiting or diarrhea
• Have a digestive disorder
• Do vigorous exercise
• Follow a very low carbohydrate diet
• Have an eating disorder
• Are pregnant

Why do I need a urine ketone test?
Your doctor or healthcare professional may order a urine ketone test if you have diabetes or other risk factors for ketones. You may also need this test if you have symptoms of ketoacidosis, such as:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Confusion
• Difficulty breathing
• Excessive drowsiness

People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for ketoacidosis.

What happens during a urine ketone test?
The urine ketone test can be done at home or in a laboratory. In the lab, you will be instructed to give a "clean" urine sample. The clean urine sample method usually includes the following steps:

• Handwashing
• Clean the genital region with a wet wipe. Men should clean the tip of their penis. Women should separate the labia and wipe from front to back
• Starting to urinate in the toilet.
• Place the collection container under the urine stream
• Collect at least 1 to 2 ounces of urine in the container, which should be marked to indicate the amount
• Finish urinating in the toilet
• Return the sample container as instructed by your healthcare professional

If you are testing at home, follow the instructions on the kit. The kit includes a pack of test strips. You will be instructed to either give a clean urine sample in a container as explained above, or to place the test strips directly into the urine stream. Ask your doctor or healthcare professional for specific instructions.

Is there anything I need to do to prepare for the test?
I may have to fast(do not eat or drink) for a specified time before testing for ketones in urine. Ask your doctor or healthcare professional if you should fast or prepare in any way before the test.

Is this test at risk?
The urine ketone test has no known risk.

What do the results mean?
Test results can be a specific number or description, for example "low", "moderate" or "high" ketone count. Results that are considered normal vary based on diet, activity level, and other factors. Since high ketone levels can be dangerous, ask your doctor or healthcare professional what is considered normal for you and what your results mean.

Learn more about medical tests, reference ranges, and how to understand the results .

Is there anything else i need to know about the urine ketones test?
Ketone urine test kits are sold in most pharmacies without a prescription. If you plan to do this test at home, ask your doctor or healthcare professional to recommend the most appropriate kit for you. Testing for ketones in urine at home is easy to do and can give you accurate results if you carefully follow all instructions.

Some people use home kit to test for ketones if they are on a ketogenic or "keto" diet. A keto diet is a type of weight loss plan that causes a healthy person's body to produce ketones. Talk to your doctor or healthcare professional before starting a keto diet.

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Urine ketones test

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This test measures the amount of ketones in the urine.

How the test is performed
Urinary ketones are usually measured with a "rapid test." It is available in an examination kit that is sold in pharmacies. The kit contains test strips impregnated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. The test strip is dipped into the urine sample. A color change is an indicator of the presence of ketones.

This article describes the urine ketone test that involves sending collected urine to a laboratory.

A clean urine sample is needed . This method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from entering the sample. To collect the urine, your healthcare provider may provide you with special clean sample collection kit that contains a cleaning solution and sterile wipes. Follow the instructions to the letter.

Preparation for the exam
You may need to eat a special diet. Your provider may ask you to temporarily stop taking certain medications that may affect the exam.

How the test will feel
The exam involves only normal urination. There is no hassle.

Reasons the test is done
Ketone tests are almost always done if you have type 1 diabetes and:

• Your blood sugar is over 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl)
• You have nausea or vomiting
• Have abdominal pain

A ketone test may also be done if:

• You have a disease such as pneumonia, heart attack, or stroke
• You have nausea or vomiting that does not go away
• Are pregnant

Normal results
A negative test result is normal. 

The ranges of normal values ​​may vary slightly between different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

Meaning of abnormal results
An abnormal result means that you have ketones in your urine. Results typically appear as small, moderate, or large as follows:

• Small: <20 mg / dL
• Moderate: 30 to 40 mg / dL
• Large:> 80 mg / dL

Ketones build up when the body needs to break down fats and fatty acids for fuel. This is more likely to occur when the body does not get enough sugar or carbohydrates.

This may be due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) . CAD is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body cannot use sugar (glucose) as a fuel source since there is no or insufficient insulin. Fat is used for fuel instead.

An abnormal result can also be due to:

• Fasting or starvation: as with anorexia (an eating disorder)
• High-protein or low-carbohydrate diet
• Vomiting for a long period of time (such as during pregnancy)
• Severe or acute illness, such as sepsis or burns
• High fevers
• The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone ( hyperthyroidism )
• Breastfeeding a baby, if the mother does not eat or drink enough

Risks
This test does not represent any risk.

Alternative names
Ketone bodies - urine; Urinary ketones; Ketoacidosis - urine ketone test; Diabetic ketoacidosis - urine ketone test

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Ketone analysis

Ketones are chemical compounds that are produced when insulin in the blood is low and the body uses stored fat for energy.

Ketones in the urine are an indication that the body is using fat for energy instead of glucose because there is not enough insulin to use glucose for energy.

Ketones in urine are more common in type 1 diabetes.

How do I get tested?
Ketone tests are sold at the pharmacy, so talk to your doctor about it, as well as what methods he recommends for documenting the results. Most tests include strips, some of them wrapped in aluminum foil (and lasting longer).

Urine tests are simple, but to get good results, you must follow the directions exactly.

Make sure the strip has not expired. Read the document that comes with the strips. Check with your doctor or nurse about the correct way to get tested.

In most urine tests:

• A urine sample is obtained in a sterile container.
• A strip is placed in the sample (you can also place the strip in the urine stream).
• Excess urine is gently shaken off the strip.
• Wait for the indicator on the strip to change color. The prompts tell you how long to wait.
• The indicator on the strip is compared to the color chart on the vial of strips. This gives you an approximate value for ketones in your urine.
• The results are recorded.

When should I get tested?
Ask your doctor or nurse when to test for ketones. He may recommend that you do it under the following conditions:

• Your glucose level is over 300 mg / dl.
• You have nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• You are sick (for example, you have a cold or the flu).
• He is tired all the time.
• You are thirsty or your mouth is very dry.
• His skin is red.
• You have trouble breathing.
• Your breath smells like fruit.
• You are confused or disoriented.

These may be signs of a high ketone level that requires medical help.

What do my results mean?
A small or minimal amount of ketones may indicate that ketones are starting to build up. You should be retested in a few hours.

A moderate or high amount of ketones is a danger sign. They alter the balance of the blood and can cause poisoning. Never exercise when your glucose is high and a urine test indicates a moderate or high amount of ketones. These are signs that your diabetes is not under control. Talk to your doctor right away if your urine test results indicate a moderate or high amount of ketones.

It is important to take note of your results and related events. Your diary contains the information you, your doctor, and instructor need to know if your plan is working or needs to be changed.

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How to plant a lawn and get an amazing garden

Sowing grass is not an easy task. Cleaning the ground , compacting the soil , sowing the  seeds ... From Brotalia we give you some very practical and useful advice so that you can show off your lawn and offer an incredible appearance .

If you have been wanting a movie lawn for a long time, the kind that all your friends gape when they step on it, this is your moment. It is not an easy task, it requires effort and hours. But the result is well worth it.

Preparing for the planting of a lawn is an important task, since tasks are carried out that can only be done at this time. In addition, the success in the implantation of the lawn will largely depend on them. Also their future life can be conditioned by good or bad practices in the initial phase. But ... where do I start?

Preparing the ground for sowing grass
Preparing the ground is essential. The land in which you plant the grass cannot have obstacles (stones or pebbles) that could hinder its development. That is why it is important to go breaking the earth, to a depth of about 15 or 20 centimeters, with a hoe or a shovel.

In addition, you must bear in mind that at the time of sowing the soil must be compacted to prevent irregularities in the profiling of the surface, which would produce unwanted puddles in depressed areas and irregularities of the ground that would complicate its mowing.

A roll pass after superficial tillage will leave the soil in a condition to receive the seed. But first we must superficially rake the ground (about 2 or 3 cm) and fertilize thoroughly.

 

Seed contribution
When sowing grass, the use of seeders is recommended, but if it is done by hand you must make sure to distribute the seeds as regularly as possible. In addition, you must respect the manufacturer's dosage, which usually ranges between 35-40 gr / m2.

The next step is to lightly cover the seed. Ideally, it should be at a depth of half a centimeter, although not all of it will be that way. To cover the seed you can use a seed cover, which must be spread on the ground very regularly. You can also incorporate the seed with raking, but always trying not to move it horizontally. Then you must pass a roller again with the aim that the sowing is in the greatest possible contact with the earth.

 
Irrigation
From this moment on, irrigation should not be lacking, guaranteeing continuous humidity in the superficial part of the land until all the seeds have been born.

 
Mowing
The first mowing should not be done until it reaches 10 or 12 cm in height, and it should be very shallow, practically a point. You should progressively lower the mowing height until it reaches about 4 cm.

How long does the grass take to grow?

Knowing how long the grass takes to grow will help you to incorporate green areas into your environment. Our gardening will answer these questions when it comes to seeing the birth and covering those beautiful landscaped areas.

The temporal process depends on multiple factors, so it cannot approximate a fixed and immovable answer. However, there are certain time forks to know how long we have to wait until we see our grass grown.

How long does it take to cover the lawn
The first thing you have to be clear about is that the growth process of a lawn does not occur overnight. In the same way that, once it is covered, you will need garden maintenance to keep it healthy and strong. But to better answer this question, a number of factors must be assessed.

Let it go the natural process
The key factor in having a good green area is patience and allowing time for its development. Fundamentally it needs to follow its natural process, that is: sprout, germinate and grow.

Don't be in too much rush, since germination takes several days and we always talk about estimates , never about fixed periods. However, to have almost the entire lawn area covered, in 3-4 weeks total you should see visual results to spare .

Plant seeds and let them germinate
This planting activity could take you between 2-3 hours in the worst case (we are talking about reasonable areas) and we recommend doing it in the best times: spring and early fall . Subsequently, the seed should produce small shoots 1-2 days after sowing . It is important to fertilize the soil and apply the appropriate nutrients, as well as moisten it. If you have doubts about it, do not hesitate to contact us.

Complete germination after 10 days
The usual thing is that, once the green shoots have been sown and appreciated, the results of germination can be seen , as a general rule, after 10 days . This takes into account factors such as humidity in air and soil, for example the temperature of the soil and its quality. That is why it is important to choose the period properly.

However, it should be borne in mind that there are species that this process can take up to 20 days and even a month.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Do not reseed if there are areas where the grass has not grown for a year.
• Water the soil well after planting.
• Cover the area: it keeps moisture and protects from the birds removing the seeds.

Natural growth with maintenance
Once this is done, the grass must be allowed to grow naturally corresponding to its cycles.
Remember: in autumn it comes out faster as it has hot land after the summer ( approximately 2 weeks ). If it is spring , your covered area will not be experienced until 3-4 weeks, and even a little longer .

Don't forget about proper maintenance once this is done: I water at least twice a day . If it has already grown more than 5 cm but less than 8, it will be enough with once a day until it reaches 10 cm. Finally, keeping the fertilizer up to 4 weeks will suffice for a grown and attractive lawn .


Why the grass does not grow well
Knowing how long the grass takes to grow is good to check if the deadlines are adequate. If you think they are not being met, check some of these recommendations:

• Provide enough moisture to the surface until the final results are appreciated.
• Watch the season : too hot or cold makes growth not as fast.
• If he does not grow up with the usual rhythms, during the first two months try not to expose him to a lot of activity: games on him, continuous treading ...

Your lawn sown and cared for with Landscape Management
Now that you know how long it takes for the grass to grow , if you have the slightest doubt about any of the points that we have discussed, do not hesitate to contact Landscape Management . You already know that they are not fixed periods, but normal estimates based on our experience.

Because it could not always be this way, it is best that you contact us to do your design and construction of gardens in  . You will have your lawn in perfect condition 365 days a year.

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How to make a lawn grow easily

Everyone dreams of having a perfect lawn. There is nothing better than looking at a lush green lawn from your front door. But you don't have to be a landscaper to get the lawn of your dreams. Whether you start with seeds or sod, the important thing is to have proper planning and good soil.

Part 1 Prepare the lawn

1
Choose which herb is the most suitable for your climate. Depending on where you live, you will do better with some varieties of herbs than others. Herbs fall into two basic categories: the warm season and the cold season. [1]

• Warm season grasses are able to survive a harsh summer and tend to do well in tropical areas and in climatic zones such as the southern states of the United States. Choose varieties like Bermuda, San Agustín, and Kikuyo. [two]
• Cold season grasses withstand cold much better than warm season grasses. They can tolerate freezing temperatures and some drought. Don't expect them to survive the heat or go more than 4 weeks without water. For example, Kentucky bluegrass is a well-known cool-season herb. [3]

2
Determine the best time to start. If you opt for a warm season herb, plant it in late spring. If you choose a cool season herb, plant it in late summer or early fall. [4]

• If you're going to plant from sod, the time of year doesn't matter much, but summer can still be very hot.

3
Test the soil. Before you start planting the grass, you must make sure that the soil is in good condition. A good idea is to test the soil . This test will allow you to know the amount and type of fertilizer you should use. [5]

• It is difficult to modify the soil of an established lawn. [6]
• If you need to add fertilizer, apply it to the first 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm). [7]

4
Prepare the soil. This is a crucial step. Soil preparation is the most important part of ensuring healthy lawn growth. The goal is for the soil to be loose, rich in organic matter and able to retain moisture while draining it properly. [8]

• Clear the area of ​​weeds, rocks, and roots. With the help of a shovel, dig up any large objects that are in the area where you are going to plant the grass. Make sure to completely remove the roots of the weed. [9]
• You may need to use a chemical herbicide to completely kill the weed. If so, check the manufacturer's instructions for how much to use. [10]
• Plow the soil by hand or a rototiller, depending on the size of the area. This is the ideal opportunity to incorporate compost or other nutrients into the soil. [eleven]
• Add gypsum to the soil to improve drainage. [12]

5
Level the area. Once you've finished clearing and plowing the area, it's ready to be leveled. Use a rake and smooth the entire area. Fill in the low spots and break up the remaining lumps. [13]

• While you are leveling the area, it is a good idea to leave a slope away from the foundation of the house. Leaving a slope will help avoid water runoff problems in the future. [14]

Part 2 Grow a lawn from seed

1
Spread the seeds. Set the seed spreader to the recommended speed and fill it with half the seeds. To ensure better coverage, first run it in one direction over the entire lawn. Then fill the spreader with the remaining seeds and pass it through the starting direction. Consider making a crisscross pattern over the area. [fifteen]

• You can re-cover the entire area with an empty spreader to ensure that there is good contact between the seeds and the soil. [16]

2
Fertilize the soil. Once you've planted the entire area, add a little peat moss to the soil to establish the seeds and help them retain moisture. With the help of a cage roller, apply a thin layer of peat moss on the seeds. [17]

• This layer of compost will help keep the seeds moist during germination. It also protects them from birds and will limit their movement in the event of heavy rain. [18]

3
Water the seeds. Perhaps the best way to water them is to use an oscillating sprinkler. If you have access to multiple sprinklers, place them in various parts of your yard to wet the entire area. [19]

• For best results, water the seeds 2 to 3 times a day for 5 to 10 minutes for the first 8 to 10 days. During this period, it is essential that the seeds are kept moist. You should not water them excessively, as the objective is to stimulate germination. Water in the morning to reduce the chances of evaporation. [twenty]
• Don't use a harsh spray when watering a freshly seeded lawn. You run the risk of choking the seeds or pushing them away. [twenty-one]
• When watering your lawn, take into account the potential rainfall in your area. You should also take the amount of rain into account, and try to apply 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week. [22]
• If you live in an area prone to heavy rains, you could lose some seeds. However, the rain must be strong enough to move the soil before it can displace the seeds. [2. 3]

4
Trim new grass. Once the grass has reached 3-4 inches (7-10 cm), it's time to prune it. Check that the soil is dry when you prune it. If it's wet, you could rip the grass off the ground. [24]


Part 3 Growing a lawn from sod

1
Buy your sod. Growing a lawn from sod is much more expensive than growing from seed, but it is much faster. Turf, which comes in rolls, is an herb that has been cultivated for a little over a year. The roots hold the strips together, allowing you to lay long strips above the prepared soil. [25]

• You can plant sod in almost any season, but if you plan to plant sod in the summer, be sure to water it thoroughly. [26]
• Keep the sod moist and cool while you work with it. Keep a spray bottle handy to keep it from drying out. [27]

2
Get the grass the same day you plan to lay it. The grass will start to spoil and die quickly if you put it aside, so you should plan its placement on the day you buy it. Also, make sure you only buy the amount you can install in a single day. Then water it a little, cover it with jute and keep it in a shady area until you are ready to use it.

• Keep your lawn cool and damp while you work with it. Keep a spray bottle on hand to keep it from drying out. [28]

3
Lay out the first row. Start by laying the sod along the longest straight edge of your patio, usually by a fence or driveway. Do not walk on the sod while laying it and if you do, smooth the tracks with a rake. [29]

• Cut off excess sod with a sharp knife and reserve for uneven corners. [30]
• Make sure the turf is smooth as you install it. It should be spread out against the ground, so that the roots are well fixed. [31]

4
Keep the sod tight. As you begin to install the sod, avoid leaving gaps between each strip of sod. The sod should be snug close to hard surfaces (such as pavement or brick) so that the edges do not dry out. [32]

• Cut off the middle of the second strip of sod when you lay it down. Doing so will allow you to create staggered joints, similar to bricks. In this way, the joints will be less visible and the edges will not dry out. [33]

5
Water while you work. New sod needs to be kept moist. Once you've laid the first rows, water the sod well. Pause to check the humidity every two to three rows. [3. 4]

• Pay close attention to the edges, as they can dry quickly. [35]

6
Fill the gaps. Although it is best to keep the strips of sod tight together, there may still be some gaps. Instead of using small strips of sod that will dry very quickly, fill in the spaces with potting soil or peat. [36]

7
Use a lawn roller to compress the lawn. Once you have laid out all the grass rows, roll over them that is full with water or sand. This will flatten the grass and firmly compress it to the surface.

8
Water the sod one last time. Once you've finished laying the last strip of sod, wet the grass. [37]

• Water the sod until the soil underneath is soaked. Not only will this allow the roots to establish faster, but it will also ensure that the sod is too wet to walk over. [38]
• Avoid heavy traffic for the first two weeks, as this could disturb the sod and prevent the formation of solid roots. After two weeks, it will be safe to prune it. [39]

Tips

• Fertilize after mowing the lawn for the first time. Regardless of whether you started with seeds or sod, it is important to keep your lawn fertilized.
• Grass poop has different requirements. Pay attention to the specific needs of the herb you have chosen.
• If you lose seeds due to heavy rain, smooth the soil when it dries and add more seeds.

Things you will need

• sod or grass seeds;
• a fertilizer;
• peat;
• a rake;
• a shovel;
• a hose or a sprinkler;
• a seed spreader;
• gloves.

Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed Zoysia Grass Seed and Mulch, 5 lb. - Full Sun and Light Shade - Thrives in Heat & Drought - Grows a Tough, Durable, Low-Maintenance Lawn - Seeds up to 2,000 sq. ft.

 Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed Zoysia Grass Seed and Mulch, 5 lb. - Full Sun and Light Shade - Thrives in Heat & Drought - Grows a Tough, Durable, Low-Maintenance Lawn - Seeds up to 2,000 sq. ft.

•  Zoysia grass seed & mulch is designed for full sun and light shade
• Combines mulch and grass seed to grow a tough, durable, low-maintenance lawn
• Extremely versatile seed mix that's 99.9% weed free
• Thrives in heat, drought and partial shade
• Seeds up to 2,000 sq. ft. 

How to plant or sow grass yourself.

I teach you the easiest way to plant or sow grass.
Yes, that's right, planting or sowing grass with seeds has no difficulty and you can do it yourself, whether you only need to reseed some of the areas of your lawn that look worse, or to renew it completely. There are several ways to plant or sow grass, I am going to show you the simplest so you can do it without complications.

When to plant or sow the lawn?
The best times to plant or sow grass with seeds in Spain are Spring and early Autumn . Both are times that we can call “growth”, that is, everything grows after having overcome the extreme times; winter or summer. In these extreme times it is not advisable to plant or sow grass.

At the beginning of Autumn (in Spain), the grass comes out faster because the ground is hot from the end of summer, and it covers a lot after two weeks. In spring, the grass takes a little longer to cover the area, about three to four weeks.

Logically, the best time to sow grass with seeds depends on the climate of each area.

In continental climates, the ideal planting runs from mid-March to the end of May. In autumn, we will preferably sow between the end of August and mid-October.

In oceanic climates, sowing periods are longer both in spring and autumn, as these are mild and humid climates.

In the warm climates of the Mediterranean and southern regions, spring sowing can be anticipated in early March, and even late February, lasting until mid-May. In autumn, you should not start sowing until early September, extending the sowing season until early - mid-November.

The warm climate tussock species (Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum, etc.), require night temperatures of about 13ºC for their germination, and daytime temperatures of about 17 / 18ºC. Therefore they must be sown well into spring or early summer. There is no fall planting for these lawns.

For temperate climate species, autumn plantings are always preferable, since we are moving towards cooler temperatures and more humid weather, conditions that are generally appreciated by tussock grasses. Furthermore, in autumn, the incidence of weeds is much lower than in spring.

However, gardening is also linked to the law of supply and demand. It is in spring when private owners and municipal technicians get down to work to prepare the parks and gardens for their moment of greatest use and enjoyment. For this reason, in spring most of the annual plantings are concentrated.

Preparing the ground for sowing grass
To ensure a good implantation of the lawn it is very important that the soil has good conditions. It must have a good structure, that is, the ability to retain water without weighing it down, and a sandy texture that guarantees good drainage.

• Do a deep tillage with a hoe or motor hoe digging about 15-20 centimeters into the ground. This way you can remove and remove stones, root debris and other coarse elements, as well as pre-existing vegetation. If you wet the ground it will be easier for you. Rake to remove the smallest debris and then leave it perfectly smooth.
• If you are renovating your old lawn and cannot till it because it would break the irrigation system, then tear off the old lawn in a layer of about 6 cm. manually or renting an appropriate machine if you find it in your area.
• Eliminate unwanted weeds with a "False seeding." To prevent plants from growing in the grass in the future, water the land for several days so that the seeds that are in the ground germinate. When they have germinated you can repeat the tillage and rake well. Another alternative is to apply a total non-residual herbicide ( total herbicide ) and repeat the operation about 15 days later.
• Make sure the soil drains well. Waterlogging can lead to grass root rot, fungal disease, or moss spots. Ensuring good drainage is therefore essential. It will be necessary to smooth the surface to eliminate any concavity and also provide a slight unevenness towards a natural or artificial drain if possible. Spreading a layer of sand will ensure optimal drainage; To establish its thickness, take into account the nature of the terrain. If it is clay, the most efficient is to mix the earth with sand. If there are still areas with excess water, it will be necessary to install a drainage network.
• Bury the irrigation system. Buried sprinkler pipes and parts should be installed at this time. Make sure the design of the irrigation system is well thought out and water the entire area evenly.
• Add mulch or topsoil. Turf needs a layer of topsoil at least 10 centimeters thick to grow strong and shiny. You can add this layer or enrich the soil that you already have well composted organic compost or mulch that will provide it with slow release nutrients, which will favor microbial activity and improve the structure.
• Level the surface. The last steps before sowing are to level the surface with a rake so that it is perfectly even, and pass it with a roller or garden roller to smooth it.

What kind of grass to plant?
There are many varieties of grass, since the grass itself is a mixture of several types of grass seeds. Depending on the type of seeds and the percentage of them among themselves, we will obtain one type of grass or another. We cannot say that one type of lawn is better than another, but rather that one type of lawn will adapt better than another to our garden, that is, to the particular conditions of our garden or the area in which we live. Climatic conditions, characteristics of the soil and irrigation water, insolation, proximity to the sea, care that it will receive and use that it will be given.

I recommend that you pay attention to the type of grass you are going to sow, asking professionals in your area or the nearest Garden Center why they have the experience, or consulting this video advice ➜ What types of grass seeds to sow in Spain , where we talk about it. If your garden has special conditions to take into account, such as shady areas, do not let them overlook them.

Once you have chosen the type of grass, it is important that you take good note, not only of the commercial brand, but of its composition. Write it down and save this informationso that in the future, if you had to reseed again, you can do it with the same type of grass or with the most suitable grass to regenerate damaged areas. Believe me, if you plant or sow grass with different types of grass, you can tell the difference, and after the years you have an unpresentable hodgepodge.

Step by step for planting the lawn.

1- First attention to drainage. Check if the land has drainage problems, that is, if after heavy rains the water remains stagnant in puddles for a long time. If this is the case, you should take care of solving this problem before doing anything, if you don't do it like this, then everything will be problems, the grass will not grow well and it will develop problems due to fungi. If you do not see special drainage problems in your garden, you do not need to do anything because the installation of drainage systems is very expensive and you must assume them only when you have no other choice.

2- The irrigation system and the quality of its design and installation is very important, if you want to sow a new lawn from scratch make sure you install a good, well-designed automatic irrigation system, and if you are going to renew your lawn or do a reseeding of damaged areas, thoroughly review the irrigation system to improve it or adjust it where necessary before continuing. Most of the problems that I encounter every day on lawns are caused by a bad design of the irrigation system that does not water the area evenly, with very wet areas and others that are half dry.

3- If you are going to start from scratch, or you are going to renew your lawn, do a false sowing, which means that you must water the land for a few weeks as if it were already sown (although in reality you have not sown anything yet), this way you will get them to germinate almost all the weed seeds you have in the field and then apply a total herbicide to eliminate them.

4- The grass will need a layer of quality soil of about 7 to 10 centimeters, so you must add vegetated soil, to create this layer that guarantees its good growth. Topsoil is a mixture of compost, sand, and normal garden soil. Do not use only compost thinking that it will be a better quality base because among many inconveniences you will see mushrooms that although they do not kill the lawn, they do make it very ugly, as you can see in this small video:

• If you start from scratch you must till the land, you can help yourself from a rototiller that you can rent, and rake all the surface stones before adding the new layer of topsoil. If you are going to renovate your lawn, you cannot till the land because you run the risk of breaking the irrigation pipes, just tear off the existing lawn to a depth of about 6 cm. Topsoil can be mixed with 30% sand if you need to improve drainage. Finally, level the ground with a rake and compact it a bit with a roller.

5- In the manuals they advise applying a chemical fertilizer in the background, I recommend that you do not apply it yet, that you wait until the grass has come out and it already has two or three cuts to fertilize it. Then I do advise you to fertilize it, but with an organo-mineral slow release fertilizer, which lasts 2-3 months and prevents burns on the lawn. Why? Because a perfect lawn does not always come out the first time and it is usually normal to have to do small “support” replants in some areas during the first weeks. So if you don't fertilize it, the grass will grow slowly and you can make these corrections. If you fertilize it before it grows, it will grow quickly, you will have to cut it, and these tasks will be an obstacle for small “support” replants.

6- Give a final raking and broadcast the seed (by hand) and first the edges first and then the rest in two crossed passes to make a more homogeneous distribution. There are also some simple mechanical machines that you can rent or buy for this task. It is important that the seed is distributed evenly. For seed mixtures, a dose of 40 gr./m2 is usually recommended. However, I recommend that you double that amount because not all the seeds will germinate, and many others will be the appetizer of birds or they will become part of the ants' pantry. If you find an anthill, apply an ant product.

7- With a metal broom placed in an “upside down” position, gently rake the area to semi-bury the grass seeds. It is about burying them a little but without moving them from place, gently. In the manuals they recommend covering the seeds with a layer, for example, of mulch (soil fertilized with manure) or (fine topsoil), however this work is not essential and you can save it, the seeds will germinate without problems with gentle raking. In addition, applying that cover layer requires a certain skill not to move the seeds or bury them too much.

8- Also in the manuals you will see that they advise to pass a roller to compact once the land has been seeded, I recommend that you do not do it either, first because once the land has already been seeded and gently raked it is better not to tread or tinker anymore, and second, because with watering the seed will join with the ground without the need to “crush” it with a roller.

9- And to water! As the seed is in the surface layer of the ground, you must always keep it moist. To do this, water a few minutes but many times a day, because the surface of the ground dries quickly, however we do not need the ground to be very wet in depth because there are no seeds there. I recommend 3 irrigations a day, at 7 in the morning, at 1 in the afternoon, and at 6 in the afternoon. At night it is not necessary because humidity is maintained in the absence of sun. The irrigation time will depend on the design of the irrigation system you have and the time you are sowing. Remember, the idea is to keep the surface 2-5 centimeters moist, so you can start for example with 10 minutes and monitor the first waterings to see if the watering time needs to be increased or reduced. Above all, do not make puddles because each puddle is going to be a future bald spot that you will have to reseed again. As the grass grows, you have to reduce the watering, going to only twice a day when the green already covers the ground, and once a day after the first mowing that you must then schedule at night.

10- The first mowing after sowing is of great importance and should be done when the grass has reached 10 centimeters in height. Only a third of the total length has to be trimmed to encourage new shoots to grow on the crown and get
the plant is spread wide. In later mowing it is advisable to maintain that cutting height, although always taking into account the variety of grass chosen. The more frequent the cuts, the higher the density the plant mat will develop.


Once the new grass is born, and after some other mowing, fertilize it as we mentioned before, yes, when you have finished the small replanting of the possible bald spots that have arisen, do not worry that it is normal that everything is not perfect at first. Keep an eye out for anything unusual, just in case overwatering during planting could have caused a fungal problem in the fragile new lawn, although this rarely happens. If you see a strange color in any area, apply a broad spectrum fungicide (for various types of fungi) and repeat after 15 days.